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12月英语四级长篇阅读备考攻略

2024-09-27 来源:华佗小知识

  认识长篇阅读

  长篇阅读的身价:一篇文章值10分,用时15分钟,可谓身价不菲。

  长篇阅读的派头:1000词以上,名副其实的长篇(如:2014年6月卷一的The End of the Book? 有1014词,2015年6月卷二的The Changes Facing Fast Food 有1024词)。与紧跟其后的Section C相比(两篇小短文每篇仅300余词),派头十足。

  长篇阅读的伎俩:来势凶猛,前呼后拥。前呼者——前面的指令很长,In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter;后拥者,整个篇章后面紧跟着10个长长的句子,像是喽啰或衙役,打手或帮凶,煞是威风凛凛。

  长篇阅读的陷阱:陷阱一是段落不定,有时8段9段,有时多达15段17段;陷阱二是考试指令中划线的那句“某一段落可能含有两个答案”。可能有,也可能没有。

  但请各位考生不要失掉自己的信心和勇气,且看长篇阅读的真相:

  长篇阅读,测试的题型为“段落信息匹配题”。篇幅虽长,但与后面的两篇小短文相比,难度要低很多。因为不需考生推理,也很少需要总结,更不必从头到尾细读全文。只需读懂题干(一般是原文的同义转述或词汇替换),从原文找到与题干信息相对应的句子,定位段落。

  所以,不要被它的派头和威风震慑住。要冷静沉着,抓住要害,各个击破。

  解决长篇阅读

  文章长,时间短,需要我们争分夺秒速读。速读的方法往往有两个,一个是skimming(略读抓大意),一个是scanning(寻读找细节)。解答CET-4中的长篇阅读,仍要采用skimming与scanning两种技能,外加分析长句。

  Skimming略读,把握文章脉络:

  先看标题、文章第一段、其余段落的段首和段尾,注意文章中一些起承转合的词——transitional words,如moreover、therefore、however、in conclusion等等。用笔画出圈出每段要点,同时了解全文的框架结构或作者的思路。此为见林。

  Scanning寻读,定位关键信息:

  在略读(用时三四分钟)的基础上,弄清题干意思,确定关键词。关键词多为名词、动词、特殊信号词(如专有名词、数字、特殊符号),带着关键词去原文找匹配信息。有时运气好了,连题干都不用读完,看到一个年代或一个斜体的书名,就可以到原文去搜寻。此为见木。

  去伪存真,抓住长句骨干:

  无论句子有多长,总有自己的骨干结构。通过训练,考生应够快速从复杂的长句中,找到核心信息。

  例1)Some delightful films made by the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show little creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passion and absorption of dedicated scientists.

  看懂了吗?核心就是…films …show little creatures …doing sth(电影显示小孩子们做事情)。

  例2)In the late sixties, a young woman from a background that was extremely prejudiced against people from other races came to college convinced that her race was superior.

  这句的`关键动词是came,而不是prejudiced和convinced。句子骨干是a woman… came to college,至于后面的convinced that her race was superior是主语补足语。这与He came back empty-handed.一样,也与He left a beggar一样,划线的就是主补(最后这句不要译成“他离开了一个乞丐”,而是“他离开的时候是个乞丐”很可能came back a millionaire“回来时已是身价百万”)。

  skimming见林,scanning见木,分析长句就算是伐木——攻克难关 。

  解题顺序,先易后难:

  先把容易定位的找到,排除选过的段落,增加解题信心。较难对付的留在最后解答。提醒注意每段的第一句、第二句或最后一句。时间不够,就放弃一两个题,要么从后面Section C借用两三分钟。反正有失有得,自己把握。

  注意:有网上技巧说,第一题(46题)“一般”对应文章前面的段落,多数情况下是第二、三段。既然是“一般”,就有特例:2015年6月卷二The Changes Facing Fast Food 第1个题干(46题)竟然对应全文的最后一段。

  提升自身能力

  有的任课老师会安慰学生,这长篇阅读就是送分的。真的吗?

  有网络高手会指点你:不用通读文章,先从题干找特殊信号词。可信吗?

  阅读理解,与听力和写作一样,靠的就是基本功。基本功不好,满眼皆是生词,送分也拿不到手,任何技巧在手里也不“巧”。

  长篇阅读的难度在提升,网上热传的抓“关键词、信号词”并不好用。请看2015年6月卷一Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break后面的10个题干,除了48题有一个Hewlett算是人名信号词,其余的根本找不到。就连这个Hewlett也出现在文章的三个不同段落里:

  46. Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading.

  47. Using software to grade students' essays saves teachers time for other work.

  48. The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.

  49. Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.

  50. Some people don't believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.

  51. Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.

  52. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.

  53. As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writing.

  54. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.

  55. Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.

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