period 2reading
the general idea of this periodthis period is the highlight of the whole unit.it lays emphasis on reading and understanding.first the teacher should check if the students have mastered the new words and expressions by asking them to fill in the blanks of some sentences by using some of the words and phrases that will appear in the reading passage.this part can help the students to learn words and expressions by heart in a certain language situation.then in pre-reading part, the students are asked to distinguish the differences between the uk, great britain and england.hence, the teacher can lead to the topic of the historical influence on geography in the country.provided with two simple questions: “did the countries of the uk unite peacefully or by war?where should we go if we want to appreciate some historical attractions of the uk?”, the students will read the passage fast and find the answers directly in the passage.next, the students will first listen to the tape with their textbooks closed.in order to make this step efficient, the teacher will provide them with five statements based on the passage.while listening, the students should judge whether these statements are true or false.if it is false, the students should correct it.then the students will be given several minutes to read the passage silently.they should divide the passage into three parts and write the main ideas of each part.in order to help the students understand the passage better, the teacher can provide some comprehending exercises, including answering some questions, paraphrasing some difficult sentences.as to the second, third and sixth paragraphs, the students will finish two tables, analyzing the details.the purpose of this step is to train the students’ability of reading comprehension, which is a very important skill.at last, the students will do a speaking task in pairs.one acts as a visitor to england and the other acts as a native englishman.the visitor is asking the native some questions about the geography the united kingdom.this part not only helps the students to revise what the have learned in this part but also provides them with an opportunity to speak in english.teaching important pointsimprove the students’ reading ability.train the students’ ability to grasp key information while listening.teaching difficultiesknow about the uk’s historical influence on the geography.know about the historical treasures left by the invaders.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
teaching aidsa tape recordera projectorthe blackboardthree dimensional teaching aimsknowledge aimsdebate, clarify, legal, relation, convenience, attraction, influence, collection, construct, puzzle, educational, roughly, industrial, historicalbreak away from, leave out, divide...into..., be linked to, to one’s surprise, as well as, be known as, look around, keep one’s eyes open, make one’s trip worthwhilethere is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries: england, wales, scotland and northern ireland.you must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the united kingdom worthwhile!ability aimslearn some detailed information about the united kingdom.improve the students’ reading ability.train the students’ ability to grasp key information while listening.train the students’ speaking ability.emotional aimstrain the students’ability to cooperate with others.know about the uk’s historical influence on the geography.know about the historical treasures left by the invaders.
teaching procedurestep 1 greetingsgreet the students as usual.step 2 revisiont: at the beginning of this period, i will check if you have mastered the new words and phrases in this unit.please finish the following sentences using some words and phrase in this unit.please pay attention to the forms of the words and phrases.1.the uk__________four countries.2.many people find the geography of the uk__________ .3.unless the money is paid immediately we shall be forced to take__________ action.4.the printer has__________two lines from this paragraph.5.janet has a very good __________of foreign coins.6.i don’t want to__________you.you must decide for yourself.7.it is difficult to__________a bad habit.8.the explanation in the note__________ the difficult sentence.9.shopping bags are provided for the customers’ __________.10.it takes about two years to__________a large bridge.(give the students several minutes to think about them.)suggested answers:1.consists of2.puzzling3.legal4.left out5.collection6.influence7.break away from8.clarified9.convenience10.constructstep 3 pre-readingt: in the first period, you have learned a brief introduction to the uk.do you know the difference between the united kingdom, great britain, and england?s: i find their relationship puzzling.t: the official name of the country is“the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.”the united kingdom consists of great britain and northern ireland.great britain is the name of the island northwest of france and east of ireland that can be divided into three regions: england, wales and scotland.therefore, england is part of great britain, which is part of the united kingdom.the puzzling situation was caused by the history.in this unit we will learn about the historical influence on the geography of the country.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
step 4 fast readingt: read the passage entitled“puzzles in geography”, and answer the following questions.1.did the countries of the uk unite peacefully or by war?2.where should we go if we want to appreciate some historical attractions of the uk?(give the students several minutes to read the passage silently, and answer the questions.)(the teacher checks the answers with the whole class.)s: the countries united peacefully instead of by war.s: we should go to some older but smaller towns to appreciate some historical attractions.t: excellent.step 5 listening and understandingt: now i’ll play the tape for you to listen.while listening, please find out whether the following statements are true or false.true or false questions: 1.when wales and england united, the country was named great britain.2.the northern part of ireland broke away to become an independent country.3.the countries in the uk have developed their own educational and legal systems.4.most people in london live in the south.5.the normans influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the north of london.(the teacher plays the tape.)suggested answers: 1.falsebecause great britain was the name given when england and wales were joined to scotland.2.falsebecause it was the southern part of ireland that broke away to form its own government.3.true.4.true.5.falsebecause the normans left castles and words for food, while the vikings influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the north of london.t: you have done a very good job.step 6 detailed readingt: now i will give you several minutes to read the passage again.while reading, please try to divide the passage into three parts and write down the main idea of each part.(students read the passage and finish the task.)s: part 1: paragraph 1 the introduction to the topic.part 2: paragraph 2-5 the historical influence on its geography.part 3: paragraph 6 historical treasure left by the invaders.t: look at the first sentence in paragraph 1, “there is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries: england, wales, scotland and northern ireland.”can you say it in another way?try to fill in the blanks in the sentence: it is __________ to __________ any more about why people __________ different words to describe the four countries.s: it is unnecessary to argue any more about why people use different words to describe the four countries.t: read the second part.TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
t: here is the national flag of the united kingdom.what is it called?s: the union jack.教学资源集散地。" type="#_x0000_t75">t: here are the descriptions of the flag.read it.blue field with the red cross of st george (england) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of st patrick (ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of st andrew (scotland).it is properly known as the union flag, but commonly called the union jack.the design and colors (especially the blue ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including other commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, as well as british overseas territories.t: which country is left out?why?s: wales.wales was linked to england in the 13th century ad, so when people refer to england, it is included as well.t: have you found out how the four countries joined together?use the information from the passage to fill in the blanks.the formation of the united kingdom: __________→__________→__________→__________s: england → wales joined england (13th century a.d.) → england, wales joined scotland (1603) → england, wales, scotland got northern ireland connectedt: often will use england to stand for the uk.one of the reasons is that england is the largest of the four countries.so england is divided into three zones.do you know the three zones?s: the south, the midlands and the north.t: yes.look at the map in part 2 on page 11.draw lines across to show the zones of the south, midlands and north of england.then put each town or city into its correct zone.s: york, leeds, manchester and sheffield belong to the north.s: birmingham and coventry belong to the midlands.s: plymouth, brighton, reading and london belong to the south.t: you did quite a good job.t: do you have any questions about part 2?s: what does “those” mean in the sentence “for those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by the romans.”?t: in order to analyze“those”, you have to read the sentence before it.“...these industrial cities...do not have the historical attractions of other places.”so now do you know what “those” refers to?s: yes.it must refer to “the historical attractions”.t: you are very clever.now try to paraphrase the sentence by finishing the following sentence.__________ you want to __________ some __________ __________, you have to go to older but smaller towns __________ __________ first built by the romans.s: if you want to see some historical attractions, you have to go to older but smaller towns which were first built by the romans.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
t: you are right.t: the last part tells us about the invaders’ influence on england and london.read it and try to fill in the table below.englandlondonthe romansthe anglo-saxonsthe vikingsthe normans(after a few minutes.)t: now let’s check your answers.englandlondonthe romansleft their towns and roadsbuilt the oldest port in the 1st century adthe anglo-saxonsleft their language and governmentbuilt the oldest building in the 1060sthe vikingsinfluenced the vocabulary and place-namesnonethe normansleft castles and words for foodconstructed the oldest castle in 1066step 7 pair workthe students work in pairs to make a dialogue.one of them is a native englishman, while the other is a visitor to england.the visitor is asking the native englishman about the geography of the united kingdom.(the teacher gives the students to practice in pairs for a few minutes.)(then the teacher asks one or two pairs to come to the front to demonstrate their dialogues.)one example: a: welcome to england.is this your first visit to england?b: yes.i’m very glad to meet you.would you mind if i asked you some questions?a: of course not.go ahead.b: is your country called england or britain?i am really puzzled.a: actually, the whole country is called the uk, which stands for the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.the great britain is made up of three countries, that is, england, wales and scotland.a: what about the southern part of ireland?b: the southern part of that island broke away to form its own government.b: then why do people call your country england sometimes?a: oh, that’s because england is the largest one of the four countries.b: i see.i have another question.last time when i watched the world cup, i noticed there is a football team of england.but there are also teams of northern ireland and scotland.can you explain this to me?a: the four countries do work together in some areas, but they are still very different.for example, northern ireland, england and scotland have developed different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the world cup.b: i see.thank you for your kindness.a: you are welcome.have a good stay in england.b: thanks.bye.a: bye.step 8 homework1.try to write a short summary of the passage in about 50 words.2.finish part 1 in learning about language on page 11.
the design of the writing on the blackboard
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
unit 2the united kingdomperiod 2readingⅰ words & phrases: 1.consists of 2.puzzling 3.legal4.left out 5.collection 6.influence7.break away from8.clarified9.convenience10.constructⅱ fast-reading 1.did the countries of the uk unite peacefully or by war? 2.where should we go if we want to appreciate some historical attractions of the uk? ⅲ invaders’ influence on england and londonenglandlondonthe romansthe anglo-saxonsthe vikingsthe normansresearch and activitiesread another passage about the united kingdom.compare it with the passage “puzzles in geography”, paying special attention to the writing styles of the two writers.
britain and irelandthe island of britain lies to the east of ireland.the two are separated by the irish sea.the letters“uk”stand for“the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.”the uk is made up of four countries.in the north is scotland, with its capital edinburgh.scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful.wales lies to the west of england.its capital is cardiff.everyone there can speak english, but the first language in north wales is welsh.there are welsh newspapers.programmes on the radio and tv are in welsh.the countryside here is very beautiful too, with lots of mountains and rivers.there used to be a lot of coal mines in the south, but many of them have been closed, or are about to be closed.england, the largest country in britain, is in the southeast.its capital is london, which is also the capital of the uk.london lies on the river thames and has a population of seven million. much of england is rather flat, although there are hills in the northeast and in the centre of the country.ireland is divided into two countries.in the north, northern ireland, with its capital belfast, is part of the united kingdom.the southern part of the island is a separate country, called the republic of ireland with dublin as its capital.generally, the weather in britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.it is colder in the north, warmer in the south, drier in the east and wetter in the west.ireland is especially wet.in all parts of britain it rains every month of the year; there is no“dry season”.snow falls in scotland every winter and sometimes in england and wales too.falls of snow in ireland are most unusual.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
*question for discussion: both passages are about the united kingdom, but the two writers focused on different things.what are the major differences between the two passages?reference for teaching
an introduction to the united kingdomthe united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland is a country in western europe.it is a commonwealth realm, and a member of the european union and nato.usually known simply as the united kingdom or the uk, it is also often inaccurately named great britain, britain or england (the most populous of the home nations).the uk has four constituent parts, three of which—the ancient nations of england, wales and scotland—are located on the island of great britanin.the fourth part is northern ireland, which is located on the island of ireland.the border between northern ireland and the republic of ireland forms the united kingdom’s principal international land border, although there is also a nominal frontier with france in the middle of the channel tunnel.the uk also has overseas territories throughout the world, and relationships with several crown dependencies.the uk was formed by a series of acts of union which united the kingdom of england (which included wales as a principality) with those of, first, kingdom of scotland and then kingdom of ireland under a single government in london.the greater part of ireland left the united kingdom (then called the united kingdom of great britain and ireland) in 1922 to form an independent state (in which, until 1949, the king of the united kingdom was also king of ireland).this state later became the republic of ireland.six counties in the north-eastern portion of the island, meanwhile, remained a part of the united kingdom, forming northern ireland to this day.the uk is situated off the north-western coast of continental europe, and has a land border with the republic of ireland, but is otherwise surrounded by the north sea, the english channel, the celtic sea, the irish sea, and the atlantic ocean.great britain, or just britain, is the geographical name of the largest of the british isles (often also including its smaller neighboring islands, though never ireland).politically, the term great britain refers collectively to the nations of england, wales and scotland (i.e., the united kingdom except for northern ireland).this political usage of “great britain” dates from the personal union of the crowns of scotland and england (including wales) in 1603, with the term being used in the sense “all of britain”.in the early years of the “united kingdom of great britain”, formed by the act of union of 1707, it was customary to refer officially to scotland and to england and wales as, respectively, “north britain” and“south britain”, though the usage never really caught on.it should be noted that the practice by some, the informal media in particular, of using “(great) britain” as shorthand for the united kingdom is an inaccuracy, which can cause offence.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
the british isles is a term frequently used to refer to the archipelago which includes the mainland of great britain, the mainland of ireland, and the smaller islands associated with these two, such as the channel islands, the hebrides, the isle of man, the isle of wight, orkney, the shetland islands, etc.the term is, however, often avoided, especially in ireland, by those who are conscious that it is sometimes misunderstood internationally to mean “the islands belonging to britain (i.e. the united kingdom)”, a description out of date in the irish case since 1922.an alternative, the islands of the north atlantic(iona) has been proposed, but is little used outside diplomatic circles.geographylocation:western europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of ireland between the north atlantic ocean and the north sea, northwest of francegeographic coordinates:5400 n, 200 wmap references:europearea:total: 244 820 sq kmwater: 3 230 sq kmnote: includes rockall and shetland islandsland: 241 590 sq kmarea-comparative:slightly smaller than oregonland boundaries:total: 360 kmborder countries: ireland 360 kmcoastline:12 429 kmmaritime claims:continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundariesexclusive fishing zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nmclimate:temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the north atlantic current; more than one-half of the days are overcastterrain:mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeastelevation extremes:lowest point: fenland -4 m highest point: ben nevis 1343 mnatural resources:coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable landland use:arable land: 26.41%permanent crops: 0.18%other: 73.41% (1998 est.)irrigated land:1080 sq km (1998 est.)natural hazards:winter windstorms; floods
environment - current issues:continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met kyoto protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move towards a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by ); by the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by ; between 1998-1999 and 1999-, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%environment-international agreements:
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
party t air pollution, air pollution-nitrogen oxides, air pollution-sulphur 94, air pollution-volatile organic compounds, antarctic-environmental protocol, antarctic-marine living resources, antarctic seals, antarctic treaty, biodiversity, climate change, desertification, endangered species, environmental modification, hazardous wastes, law of the sea, marine dumping, marine life conservation, nuclear test ban, ozone layer protection, ship pollution, tropical timber 83, tropical timber 94, wetlands, whalingsigned, but not ratified: air pollution-persistent organic pollutants, climate change-kyoto protocolgeography - note:lies near vital north atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from france and now linked by tunnel under the english channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal watersking james ⅰ
biography
an infant king.james charles stuart was born on june 19, 1566 at edinburgh castle in scotland.his father, lord darnley, was murdered in early 1567 before young james was 1 year old.his mother, mary queen of scots, subsequently ascended（上升） to the scottish throne.her reign（统治）, however was short lived and she was forced to abdicate（退位） in favor of her son on july 24, 1567.little james was crowned king james ⅵ of scotland five days later at the tender age of 13 months.reformation leader john knox preached the sermon at his coronation（加冕礼）.
教学资源集散地。" type="#_x0000_t75">james’ mother, mary, was imprisoned in england by her cousin queen elizabeth and 19 years later, in february of 1587, was executed for her part in the conspiracy（阴谋） to assassinate（暗杀）queen elizabeth.king james never knew his mother.and so, like many monarchs of the time, king james was reared by neither father nor mother but rather by tutors.of his four tutors, perhaps one of the most influential was george buchanan, a staunch（坚定的）calvinist.it was under mr.buchanan’s strict teaching methods that king james became one of the most learned and intellectually curious men to ever sit on any throne. mr. buchanan was 64 years old when he began tutoring the young king.king james begins to reign in scotland.
king james began to rule his native scotland when he was 19 years old.a few years later, he took anne of denmark to be his queen.king james loved his wife and wrote beautiful poetry for her.together they had nine children.once, when the king and queen were out hunting, queen anne accidentally killed the king’s favorite hunting dog, jewell.the queen felt badly about this and the king bought her a gift to ease her mind of this incident.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
king james believed in the divine right of kings and the monarch’s duty to reign according to god’s law and the public good.in order to pass on his kingly instruction to his eldest son, prince henry, king james wrote basilicon doron which means, “the kingly gift”.basilicon doron was not meant for general publication, but for the instruction of the young prince in the likely event that his father would not survive to instruct him—king james was sickly and survived a number of assassination attempts.the king bound his printer robert waldegrave to secrecy and ordered an edition of only seven copies.somehow, however, intelligence of the book and its contents got abroad.subsequently, there was so much demand for basilicon doron that forged（稳步前进）, corrupted copies were being distributed.with these pressures, the king then had it published for the general public and it became a bestseller.it was published in english, welsh, latin, french, swedish and german for a period of over 50 years.basilicon doron is a short treatise（论文）, only 153 pages long.it consists of three short volumes, the first of which is “a king’s christian duetie towards god.”james d’israeli said, “james had formed the most elevated conception of the virtues and duties of a monarch.”in basilicon doron, king james’ understanding of christian discipleship, style and prose are at their best.he skillfully intertwines sacred scripture with godly and christian advice.the king offers his son this important advice on knowing god: diligently read his word, & earnestly...pray for the right understanding thereof.search the scriptures saith christ for they will bear testimony of me.the whole scriptures saith paul are profitable to teach, to improve, to correct, and to instruct in righteousness, that the man of god may be perfect unto all good works.“the whole scripture contayneth but two things: a command and a prohibition.obey in both...the worship of god is wholly grounded upon the scripture, quickened by faith.”basilicon doronby king jamesthe king unites scotland and england.king james’ great aspiration to be the first king of both scotland and england was realized in 1603 upon the death of queen elizabeth.when he ascended to the english throne that year he had already been king of scotland for 36 years.he was now known as king james vi of scotland & i of england. the king played a masterly political game and kept his kingdom out of war.for the first time a scottish monarch wielded effective authority over the more far-flung areas of the realm（领域）.he supported literature both through his own writing and his patronage（赞助）.there was peace during his reign—both with his subjects and foreign powers.TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
the king had many enemies.as a scotsman ruling over the english, the king endured much racism and slander—especially from the once powerful english lords and ladies who he replaced with his scottish countrymen.unfortunately, many of today’s historians look to the writings of hostile sources such as sir anthony weldon and francis osborne as accurate descriptions of this great king.one of the king’s detractors（诽谤者）, sir anthony weldon, was knighted by king james but was subsequently dismissed after king james found racist writings by weldon about the king’s native scotland.many historians today quote weldon as if he were a reliable historical source. examples of weldon’s racism are found in his treatise entitled, “a perfect description of the people and country of scotland” where he says that the scots are a “stinking people” who hold “fornication...but a pastime”.he also said, “...their flesh naturally abhors cleanness.their breath commonly stinks of pottage...to be chained in marriage with one of them, were to be tied to a dead carcass, and cast into a stinking ditch...i do wonder that...king james should be born in so stinking a town as edinburgh in lousy scotland.”despite this obvious bias, historians continue to consult the writings of anthony weldon who intimated that king james had inordinate affections towards other men—but he did not do this until 25 years after king james was dead and could not defend himself.today’s sodomite/ homosexual community is touting the king as one of their own, which he was not.these misinformed sources, virtually without exception, fail to mention that king james and his queen had nine children together.you can read about the rumors in this article or check out an excellently researched book on the subject by stephen coston, sr.entitled, king james: unjustly accused?almost prophetically, the king wrote of his enemies: “they quarrel me (not for any evil or vice in me) but because i was a king, which they thought the highest evil, and because they were ashamed to profess this quarrel they were busy to look narrowly in all my actions, and i warrant you a moat in my eye, yes a false report was matter enough for them to work upon.”—james i, basilicon doronthe religion was also an enemy of king james.papists (as king james called them) attempted to assassinate him a number of times.most notably, in 1605 roman catholic guy fawkes attempted to blow up parliament when the king was to have been present.the conspiracy was discovered and all co-conspirators were executed.this failed attempt is celebrated on november 5 in england each year and is known as guy fawkes night.
TheUnitedKingdom（Period2Reading）
king james was an evangelist of the true gospel, which automatically made him an enemy of rome.king james strongly delineated the errors of roman superstition and spurned them yet he treated romanist subjects fairly.catholic ambassador nicolo molin said this of king james: “he is a protestant...the king tries to extend his protestant religion to the whole island. the king is a bitter enemy of our religion.he frequently speaks of it in terms of contempt.he is all the harsher because of this last conspiracy against his life...he understood that the jesuits had a hand in it.”success in kingship.despite his detractors, king james the ⅵ of scotland and ⅰ of england was a highly successful king.as a lover of the theatre, king james became patron to the troop of one of his most famous subjects—william shakespeare the playwright.shakespeare’s troop came to be known as the king’s men.shakespeare and the king held a special relationship as they both loved literature. shakespeare even wrote his famous play, “macbeth”specifically for king james.another little recognized fact is that king james the ⅵ and ⅰ is the founding monarch of the united states.under his reign, we have the first successful colonies planted on the american mainland—virginia, massachusetts, and nova scotia (latin for new scotland) in se canada.the king himself ordered, wrote and authorized the evangelistic grant charter to settle the colony of virginia: “to make habitation...and to deduce a colony of sundry of our people into that part of america, commonly called virginia...in propagating of christian religion to such people as yet live in darkness...to bring a settled and quiet government.”