情态动词只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。
情态动词的特征：
1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化。
2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。
3.在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形。
情态动词各自的基本意义及用法
一、can 与could用法对比表
对比点 can could
1、表“能力” Can you lift this heavy box? I couldn’t understand what he said at all.2、表“许可” You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、“怀疑” No, no, it can’t be true.What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true.How could you be so careless?
4、can与be able to 区别 1.could代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。
Eg.Could I use your bike? Yes, you can.2.can(能够)=be able to(仅表能力时)，但be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。
He was a good swimmer, so he __________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A.could B.might C.shall D.was able to
二、may与 might用法对比表
对比点 may Might
1．表“询问” May I „?(=Can I „?)Might I „?(=Could I„?)(但比用may 更客气)1
2.表“允许” You may take the boy there.He told me he might come.(might 与told相呼应)
3．表“可能”“或许” She may nor like this place.I’m afraid he might not like this play.注： 1.May I„?的答语。
2.may可表示期望或祝愿
May you succeed!
3.may(might)用于目的状语从句中 肯定：Yes, you may.否定：No, you mustn’t 不行（语气强硬）
No, you may not 或No, you’d better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.三、must与have to的用法对比表
对比点 must have to
1．表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。He told me I must do according to what he said.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It’s raining heavily, we can’t go now.2.疑问句 Must I „?
Yes, you must.（一定）
No, you needn’t./ you don’t have to.(不必)Do you have to go today?
Yes, we do.否定句：You don’t have to worry about that.四、need与dare的用法对比表
对比点 need dare
1.情态动词+动词原形
1）否定式
2）疑问式 He need not(needn’t)go.----Need we do it again?
---No, you needn’t do it again.He dare not say so.2
Dare she go out alone at night?
How dare you say I’m unfair?
If he dare do that, he’ll be punished.(条件句)
I dare say.(固定用法)
2.行为动词+带to不定式
1）肯定式
2）否定式
3）疑问式 He needs to go.He doesn’t(does not)need to go.Does he need to do it again?
No, he doesn’t need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesn’t)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I.3.did not need to do
表示过去没有必要做 She didn’t need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加)
五、should与ought to用法对比表
对比点 should ought to
1、表“应该” 表劝告、建议
You should listen to the doctor’s advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua 表示“有责任有必要”做某事
You ought to finish your work before you go home.We ought to help each other.2、表“估计”
They should get home by now.表示“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”
If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.(午饭前应当能干完)
注： 1）、should还可在虚拟语气中的使用
2).注意：ought to的疑问式及否定式
----Ought he to go?----Yes, I think he ought to.No, he oughtn’t to.否定式：ought not to a或oughtn’t to do(不说ought to not do)
反疑问句：oughtn’t ______?
六、shall与will的用法对比表
shall Will
1.征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：
Shall I(we)„?
Shall he(she)„? Where shall I(we)wait for you? 1． 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：
Will you(please)„? Won’t you„?
Would you like to„?(用would替代will更客气)
----Won’t you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗？---Yes, I think I will.不，我想去。
2.表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三人称，要重读。
You shall do what I tell you(to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。
Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：
I won’t do anything you don’t like.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。
Would表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”
Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。
七：used to与would用法对比表
used to would
1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。
I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.4
My hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语
I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词
He used to be nervous in the exam.2.表示过去的习惯有时可互换：
When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.2.表示过去的次数时，不能使用：
(√）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.(X)We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否定式：usedn’t to do 或didn’t use to do(usedn’t也可写作usen’t)
疑问式： Did you use to do ? Didn’t you use to do?
Used you to do? Usedn’t you to do?
情态动词表推测
情态动词表推测的意义：
1、大多数情态动词（除表‘能力、许可、意志’外），都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按其可能性程度的高低排列为： Must ﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥ should ﹥ can ﹥ could﹥ may ﹥ might
肯定 完全可能 很可能 可能 有可能
2.注意区分情态动词的否定的含义：
may not或许不、可能不 might not可能不 can’t 不可能
mustn’t不许、禁止 shouldn’t不应该 needn’t 不必
3.情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测
S主+情态动词+be+adj 对“性质”“特征”的推测
S主+情态动词+be+n 对“职业”“事物”的推测
S主+情态动词+V原 对经常性行为的推测
S主+情态动词+be+V-ing 对进行着的行为的推测
S主+情态动词+have+PP 对过去的行为的推测
特别提醒：情态动词表推测时
1、can只能用于否定句和疑问句
2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）
3、如句中有情态动词 + 完成时，定是对过去的推测。
4、句中如有表示不肯定的话语，如：I am not sure;I don’t know 之类，常选may /might的各种形式
4.记住下面几组表示反劝的特殊的表推测的形式
1).could + have + PP表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2).couldn’t +have + PP表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3)needn’t + have + pp表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。She needn’t have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4.)should/ought to +have + PP表示 该做而没有做 The plant is dead.I should/ought to have given ot more water.5)shouldn’t/ oughtn’t to +have + PP表示 不该做而做了。You oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have taken her bike without permission.5.记住下面对比：
must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）
1.must + have + PP 表示对过去肯定的推测，译为“一定是，准是” The road is wet.It must have rained yesterday.2.can + have + PP 表示对过去的推测（限于问句中）Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？
3.can’t + have + PP 表示对过去的否定推测 He cannot have said such a foolish thing.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。以 must 为例：
eg.1.You must be hungry now, aren’t you?
2.He must be watching TV , isn’t he ? Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he ?
4.She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she?
注：如选择题中（以She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she？为例）既有didn’t she又有hasn’t she则以didn’t she？为最佳答案
情态动词教案
Teaching Aims 【教学目标】 1.Knowledge Aims（知识目标）
1.掌握情态动词can, may, must, need, should…的含义和特点； 2.掌握情态动词用法。
2.Ability Aims（能力目标）
1.Encourage the students to cooperate with others and enable them to formulate
grammatical rules.2.By learning, motivate the students 'inspiration and take an active part in the course of the class.3.Emotion Aims（情感目标）
Build up the student’s confidence.Teaching Importance and Difficulties 【教学重点和难点】
1.含有情态动词的疑问句和否定句； 2.情态动词表示推测的用法。
Teaching Methods(教学方法)
Self-learning，cooperation and discussion自学（独学、对学、群学）、合作、讨论
Teaching Process(教学过程)Preparation and Self-learning 【自主学习、为新课奠基】
Complete the following tasks.（A级 识记类）（C层学生展示，B、A层学生补充）
一、何谓“情态动词”？
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。
二、情态动词的特点 1.没有人称和数的变化。2.有些情态动词有过去式的变化: e.g.will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
三、情态动词的否定形式
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't Cooperation and Discussion 【合作探究、讨论解疑】
Reading------知识问题化、问题层次化，提高阅读能力！（B级 理解类）（B、C层学生展示，A层学生补充）
四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别（注意：这是常考的考点）
1.can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到;be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1).表示体力或脑力方面的能力;2).表示允许、可能性。
could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性;用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 2)-Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, __.My brother is coming to see me.A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做;表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式;用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1)-May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustn't.(Yes, you may.)2)-Might I make a suggestion?-Yes, you may.3.must 1).表示必须要做的事: 必须
2)表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have(has)to : have(has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to 3)-Must I get to the station before three o'clock?-Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.)4)I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.5)She must be in the classroom now.6)Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.may not 4.shall 1)在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2)用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1)Yes, please.(No, please don't.)2)You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3)Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4)Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____? A.does he B.doesn't he C.will he D.isn't he 5)It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, ____? A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D.shall we 5.should 应该;应当
1)You should listen to the doctor's advice.2)You should study the article carefully.6.will, would 1)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2)will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3)will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺;would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1)Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you? A.do youB.will you C.can you D.could you-Will you come with me?-Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)(2)-Would you tell us something about yourself?-Yes, I will.(3)_____.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 7.ought to 应该;应当
1)You oughtn't to smoke too much.2)She ____ for what she has done.A.ought to praise B.ought be praised C.ought to have praised D.ought to be praised 8.dare 1.dare to come 2.dare come 1)He dare not tell the truth.2)He doesn't dare to come out at night.3)I don't know whether he ____ try.A.dare B.needs C.wants D.is allowed 9.need 1).作为情态动词:必须 2).作为实义动词: 需要
A.主语是人 need(to do something;to be done by somebody)B.主语是事物 need(doing;to be done)1)-Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they don't need to.2)-Need we buy any new equipment?-No, we needn't.3)This farm tool needs repairing.This farm tool needs to be repaired.4)-Shall I tell John about it ?-No, you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 5)It's a fine day.You ____ take a raincoat with you.A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.may not [★★★]
五、情态动词的解题例析
(1)认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。
(2)认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3)要注意把握时间概念。
情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：
（NMET2008山东，24）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage D.can have managed 根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。
Expansion and Improvement【知识拓展、能力提升】（D级 拓展类）（C、B层学生展示，A层学生补充）
★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★
以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题，具有很强的针对性
(1)must表示推测，意为“一定„„”，只能用于肯定句中。must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如：
—She looks very happy.She ______ have passed the exam.—I guess so.It’s not difficult after all.A.should
B.could
C.must
D.might 【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。【答案】C(2)should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。例如：—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will
B.would
C.should
D.must 【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。【答案】C ②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A.mustn’t
B.shan’t
C.shouldn’t
D.needn’t 【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。【答案】C(3)can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。例如： ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A.wouldn’t
B.can’t
C.mustn’t
D.needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A.can’t
B.wouldn’t
C.shouldn’t
D.needn’t ③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.A.must
B.can
C.should
D.would ④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.A.shall
B.should
C.can
D.must 【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会„„。【答案】① B ② A
③ B ④ C(4)may(not)/ might(not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如：
① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip---she hates traveling.A.will
B.can
C.must
D.may 【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。【答案】Ｄ
②
Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A.must
B.may
C.shall
D.should 【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B ③—I can’t find my purse anywhere.—You __ have lost it while shopping.A.may
B.can
C.should
D.would 【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A
（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词
对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：
(1)should(not)/ ought(not)to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：
—I’m sorry.I _________at you the other day.—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldn’t shout
B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout
C.mustn’t have shouted 【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B(2)could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage
B.could have managed C.could manage
D.can have managed 【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think„，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B(3)needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如： ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You ________ it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do
B.needn’t have done
C.mustn’t do
D.shouldn’t have done 【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B ② The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we
go to work tomorrow.A.can’t
B.mustn’t
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t 【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would(not)have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.A.had scored
B.scored
C.would score
D.would have scored 【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D(5)might have done表示“本来可能„„”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如： What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.A.need have done
B.must have done C.can have done
D.might have done 【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D
（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词 1.must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：
(1)表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须„„，得„„，要„„”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。例如：-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.A.mustn't
B.needn't
C.can't
D.won't
【解析】Something big?此处意为：Must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。
【答案】B
(2)must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如： When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches
A.wouldn't
B.needn't
C.mustn't
D.daren't 【解析】当我年轻的时候，（家人）就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。【答案】C(3)must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如： ①—May I smoke here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.should
B.could
C.may
D.must ②John, look at the time.___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A．Must
B．Can
C．May
D．Need 【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要”。【答案】① D
② A 2.should(1)should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：
According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A.may
B.can
C.would
D.should 【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D(2)在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 If+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子：
If it should rain(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：
________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be
B.Should you be
C.Could you be
D.Might you be 【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。【答案】B(3)should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.A.might
B.need
C.should
D.would 【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。【答案】C 3.shall(1)shall用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如： ①—What’s the name? —Khulaifi._________ I spell it for you?
A.Shall
B.Would
C.Can
D.Might 【答案】A
(2)用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如： —Excuse me.But I want to use your computer to type a report.—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it.A.shan’t
B.might not
C.needn’t
D.shouldn’t 【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】A(3)shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如： ①—What does the sign over there read? —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”
A.will
B.may
C.shall
D.must 【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C 4.can(1)can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如：
How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A.can
B.must
C.need
D.may 【答案】A(2)can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如： —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______I go out and play with Tom for a while? —No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.A.Can’t
B.Wouldn’t
C.May
D.Won’t 【答案】A(3)can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如： ①
If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t
B.shouldn’t
C.can’t
D.might not ②
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.A.had to
B.would
C.could
D.was able to 【答案】C 5.would(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。
例如： John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.A.might
B.should
C.could
D.would 【解析】根据promise可知此处是John向医生表明自己的意志。【答案】D(2)would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如：
① When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A.would
B.should
C.had better
D.might ② In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.A.that used to be
B.it is used to
C.it was used to
D.it used to be 【解析】第一题would指过去习惯性的动作；第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。【答案】A D
情态动词
【考纲解读】
情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系，它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考题中，对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有纵观近几年的高考题可以看出，高考对情态动词的考查热点依次是：（1）推测和可能性；（2）“情态动词+have done”结构表示猜测或表示虚拟语气；（3）shall, should, can, must表示特定语气。尤其是对“情态动词+have done”结构的考查频率较高。试题的情景设置往往生动、真实，但考查的角度趋于细微化和综合化，有效信息较为隐蔽，这就决定了情态动词题是难题之一。情态动词题每年都考，所以本专题在高考中的重要地位是显而易见的。因而在复习中应引起高度重视，且依笔者之见，来年高考中对情态动词考查的可能性依然非常大。【知识要点】
一、情态动词的语法特征
1.情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2.情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称、数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
二、情态动词的基本用法 1.比较can 和be able to 1)can could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could)，只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2)只用be able to中情况： 位于助动词后； 情态动词后；
表示过去某时刻动作时； 用于句首表示条件；
表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前，他就逃离欧洲了。
注意：could，在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。表示提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用could）。
—Could I have the television on? —Yes，you can./No，you can’t.He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2.比较may和might
1)表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home.他有可能在家。
注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2)may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨，还是……好”。You may(might)as well tell me the truth.你还是对我说实话好。3.比较have to和must
1)两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定结构中：
don’t have to 表示“不必”（可以不可以都行）；mustn’t表示“禁止” You don’t have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。You mustn’t tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4.must表示推测
1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there.他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必须待在那里。
3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。—Why didn’t you answer my phone call?
—Well，I must have been sleeping，so I didn’t hear it.5)否定推测用can’t。
If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock，he can’t be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。5.表示推测的用法
can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下： 1)情态动词+动词原形
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I don’t know where she is，she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿，她可能在武汉。2)情态动词+动词现在进行时
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment，our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can’t，couldn’t表示。
Mike can’t have found his car，for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could，might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can，may。6.情态动词+have+过去分词
1)may(might)have+done sth.can(could)have+done sth.表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飞利浦在那场车祸中有可能伤的很严重。
2)must have+done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。
—Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.—She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth.／should have done sth.本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4)needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip，but I needn’t have done so.The weather was hot.那次旅行，我穿的非常暖和，但我本没有必要那么去做。天太热了。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.我本想读那本书，但我那时太忙了。7.should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。—Ought he to go?
—Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该），had better最好），must（必须）渐强。8.had better表示“最好”
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好干某事
had better not do sth.最好不干某事
had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。9.would rather表示“宁愿” would rather do 宁可干某事
would rather not do 宁可不干某事 would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿
还有would sooner，had rather，had sooner都表示“宁愿”“宁可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.我宁可待在这儿也不回家。
10.will和would
1)would like；would like to do=want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一块儿去吗？
2)Will you...? Would you like...?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句 中一般用some，而不是any。
Would you like some cake?要蛋糕吗？
3)否定结构中用will，一般不用would，won’t you是一种委婉语气。Won’t you sit down?你不坐吗? 11.情态动词的回答方式
must和need相同:Yes,...must.No,...needn't/don't have to may和can could相同:Yes,...may/can/could.No,...mustn't/...'d better not/can't.shall:Yes,...can/may.No,...can't.should:Yes,...should.No,...shouldn't.will和would差不多:Yes,...do/will.No,...won't/thanks.典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?---Yes,of course,you____.A.might B.will C.can D.should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态.答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might.复习：will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令.should与you 连用,用来提出劝告.2）---Shall I tell John about it?---No,you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 答案A.needn't 不必,不用.wouldn't 将不,mustn't 禁止、不能.shouldn't 不应该.本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't.3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.---______.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 答案B.will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选B.12.比较need和dare
一、need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to，或should代替。多用在否定式或疑问句中.1.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
我需要明天参加会议吗? 2.You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。
need 是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但 need 还可当作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带 to 的动词等特性。1.I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。2.Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗? 3.She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You needn't have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。
二、Dare表示“敢”，Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。多用在否定或疑问句中。1.The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。2.Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。
1.Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？
2.He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。
三、Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.He does not dare(to)answer.Don't you dare(to)touch it!I wondered he dare(to)say that.He needs to finish it this evening.另外need 的被动含义：need，want，require，worth（形容词）后面接doing，也 可以表示被动：need doing=need to be done Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿.如：What shall we do this evening? 2.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示.如：Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁.如：You shall fail if you don't work harder.（警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允诺）He shall be punished.（威胁）
2000 ~ 2005 年高考题汇编
情 态 动 词
1.Sorry I'm late.I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.（2000北京春季）（A）
A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will
2.I was really anxious about you.You_________ home without a word.（01全国）（B）
A.mustn’t leaveB.shouldn’t have leftC.couldn’t have leftD.needn’t leave
3.— Write to me when you get home.— _________（01北京春季）（C）
A．I mustB．I shouldC．I willD．I can
4.— Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _________ not.He likes driving his car.（02全国）【Ｄ】Ａ．mustＢ．canＣ．needＤ．may
5.― I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.― It ______ true because there was little snow there.（02北京）（C）
A.may not beB.won’t beC.couldn’t be
D.mustn’t be 6.— I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins — Yes, certainly.（02北京春季）（B）I have a look?
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
7.A left luggage office is a place where bagsbe left for a short time, especially at a railway station.（03全国卷）（B）
A．should B．can C．must D．will
8.— The room is so dirty.we clean it?
— Of course.（03北京春季）（B）
A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do
9.---Who is the girl standing over there?
---Well, if you______ know, her name is Mabel.（04天津）(C)
A may B can C must D shall
10.“The interestbe divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.（04重庆）(D)
A.may B.should C.must D.shall
11.---I don't mind telling you what I know.---Y.I'm not asking you for it.（04江苏）(D)
A.mustn'tB.may notC.can'tD.needn’t
12.I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.（04浙江）(A)
A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could
13.---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.---You________ her last week.（04福建）(D)
A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told
14.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police?（04广西）（A）
A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can
15.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.（04广西）（A）
A.should have arrivedB.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
16.---Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.---You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.（04湖南）（A）
A.shan't B.might notC.needn'tD.shouldn't
17.— Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
— Sorry, I am not sure.But it be.（04湖北）(A)
A．mightB．will C．mustD．can
18.---Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock..I go out and play with Tom
for a while?
---No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.（04辽宁）(A)
A．Can’tB．Wouldn’tC．May notD．Won’t
19.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when is a
public library.（04上海）(A)
A.mustB.mayC.canD.need
20.---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
---No, it______ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.（04全国I）(A)
A can’t B must not C won’t D may not
21.You ______ be tired---you’ve only been working for an hour.（04全国II）(C)
A must not B won’t be C can’t D may not
22.---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.---Oh, he______ have been a very smart boy then.（04全国IV）（D）
A could B should C might D must
23.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _______ not like the design of the furniture.（04上海春季）（C）
A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need
24.He __________ have completed his work;otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the
seaside.(05北京卷)(B)
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t
25.He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.（05山东卷）(A)
A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need
26.---I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.---It ______ Harry's.He always wears green.(05广东卷)(D)
A.has to beB.will beC.mustn't beD.could be
27.— Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.— Well.Hehave gone far—his coat’s still here.（05湖北卷）(C)
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．wouldn’t
28.If Iplan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much
of it as possible.（05湖北卷）(B)
A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to
29.---Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.---She ______.I've already borrowed one.（05湖南卷）(C)
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't
30.The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ___ I did.（05湖南卷）(A)
A.as much asB.as long asC.as soon asD.as far as
31.— Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?
— Something ________ to him.(05江西卷)(D)
A．must happenC．could have happened B．should have happened D．must have happened
32.John, look at the time._______ you play the piano at such a late hour?（05全国卷3）(B)
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need
33.Tom, youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!（05全国卷1）(B)
A．wouldn’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．may not
34.There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.（05上海卷）(C)
A.mustn’tB.shan’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
35.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it
_________be very slow.（05浙江卷）(D)
A．should B．mustC．willD．can
36.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They ____ at least 150
kilometers an hour.（05重庆卷）(B)
A.should have been doingB.must have been doing
C.could have doneD.would have done
37.I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（05天津卷）(B)
A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't
38.Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.（05安徽卷）(C)
A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can
39.This cake is very sweet.You __________ a lot of sugar in it.（05辽宁卷）(D)
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
40.---The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she
returned.---Oh, dear!She _______ a lot of difficulties!(05江苏卷)(D)
A.may go throughB.might go through
C.ought to have gone throughD.must have gone through
41.I have lost one of my gloves.I ________ it somewhere.（05北京春季）（B）
A.must drop B.must have dropped
C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped
情态动词专项
1.can
①（表能力）能…，会…
She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike.A computer can’t think for itself.(不会思考)
②（可能，许可）能够…，可以…
The noise outside has stopped , now I can get down to my study.--Can I use your telephone?--Yes, of course, you can.You can go out to play when you do away with your homework.③有时会…，偶尔…，The climate of East China can be pretty cold in winter.Jogging can be harmful for the health.Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.London could be rather cold in summer while I stayed there.④（表温和的命令）请做…，得…
I’ll do the cooking, and you can do the washing.（请你去洗衣服）
You can go now.⑤（表示猜测）可能…
Can he be working till so late?
Who can it be at this time of day?
Can it be Tom? No, it can’t be Tom.He is busy these days, so he can’t come today.can 与be able to 的区别：
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone was able to get out.(强调设法干成某事)
2.shall
⑪用于一三人称的问句中，表示征求对方的意见
Shall I shut the window? Yes, please.Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?
Shall they come in?
Shall we go out for a walk?
⑫用于二三人称，表示命令，允诺，警告，威胁，强制
①You shall go to the front at once.(命令)
②Don’t worry.You shall get the answer this afternoon.（允诺）
③I promise she shall get a nice present on her birthday.（允诺）
④He shall be punished.威胁
⑤You shall listen to me.(命令)
⑥The interest(利益利润)shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.(命令法规)
⑦It has been announced that candidates(候选人)shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.（表按规定）
3.must
⑪必须
I must keep my word.You must get up much earlier.⑫不必needn’t/don’t have to
--Must I wash the dishes at once?
--No, you needn’t./don’t have to.⑬mustn’t 禁止，不许
You mustn’t play with the knife.Cars mustn’t be parked here.--May I use your pen?
--No, you mustn’t
⑭（表必然性）必定
Everyone must die.⑮（表固执，不满等）偏要硬要
Our there-year-old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered.Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chat.Why must you be so stubborn(倔强的)?
If you must know, I’m going to help him look for an apartment.4.should
⑪ 应该
You should apologize to him.We should attend the meeting.⑫（表预期）按理会…，想必会…，一定会…
The concert should be great fun.The photos should be ready by 12:00.The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things should happen to him.⑬（表惊讶，遗憾）竟然居然
I’m glad that your story should speak in such a way.I wonder that a person like him should make such a mistake.It’s a pity that he should resign.⑭（用于条件状语从句中）一旦，万一
If she should know the truth, she would be depressed.If you should change your mind, let us know.Ask him to call me up if you should see him.⑮（用于lest, for fear that, in case引导的句子）以免，唯恐
She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.He ran away lest he should be caught.He gets up early for fear that he should miss it.5.would
①(表过去的习惯行为)常常经常
When I was a child, I would often go skiing.We would stay up all night talking about our future.Every morninghe would go for a walk.When he was here, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.区别used to do sth过去常常
I use to be a waiter, but now a taxi driver.There used to be a cinema here before the war.Our country isn’t what it used to be.②（表示说话者的厌烦焦躁）老是偏要
That’s exactly like Susie.She would come to me just when I was busy.(老是在我忙碌时来找我)
I told him not to go, but he would not listen.（可他偏不听）
③（用于if 从句）愿意乐意
If you would go there instead of me, I should be very glad.如果你愿意代替我去那儿，我会很高兴的。
You could win if you would try要是你愿意尝试，你会赢的④（用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表某事物暂时的特性）就是不能 That window wouldn’t open.That morning my car wouldn’t start.When I called on him this morning, his dog wouldn’t let me in.The door won’t open.The car won’t start.The doctor knows I won’t be operated on.⑤（表示推测）大概，大约
That would be his father.那大概设他父亲。
You would be about 10 years old then.你那时大概10岁。
It would be about ten when they left.I thought she would have told you about it.6.需特别注意：
①may well do sth =be very likely to do sth(很可能，完全能)
may as well do sth = had better do sth
② would like to have done
= would love to have done
= was/were to have done(本来想做…，本来打算做…)
③ had better have done sth（当时已做了…就好了）
④ must have done sth（肯定干过某事）
⑤ can have done sth可能已干过…
can’t have done sth不可能干过…，肯定没干过…
⑥could have done sth本来能够干 …，可能已干过…
⑦ may /might have done sth也许已经干过…，⑧should have done sth
=ought to have done sth本来应该干…
⑨needn’t have done sth本不必做…
⑩would rather have done sth宁愿干过…
would rather not have done sth宁愿没干过…
好成绩是练出来的：
1.A left –luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time , especially at a railway station.A shouldB canC must D will
2.How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A canB mustC needD may
3.--There’s no light on.--they ___ be at home.A can’tB mustn’tC needn’tD shouldn’t
4.Some aspects of a pilots job ___ be boring ,and pilots often ___ work at in convenient hours.A can, have toB may, canC have to, mayD ought to, must
5.He didn’t agree with me at first, but I ____ persuade him to sign the agreement later.A couldB mightC ought to Dwas able to
6.If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and…
A wouldB couldC had toD ought to
7.The World Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Walt because it ___ be very slow.A shouldB mustC will D can.8.—Is Jack on duty today?
--It ___ be him.It’s his turn tomorrow.A can’tB mustn’tC needn’tD won’t
9.I____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A couldn’tB mustn’tC needn’tD shouldn’t
10.—I have taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.--It ___ Harry’s.He always wears green.A has toB will beC must beD could be
11.You ____ be tired , you have only been working for an hour.A can’tB mustn’tC may notD won’t
12.—Do you know where David is ?I couldn’t find him anywhere.--Well, he ___ have gone far.His coat is still here.A can’tB mustn’tC may notD won’t
13.—Can I pay the bill by check?
--Sorry, sir.But it is the payment shall be made in cash.A shallB mustC will D can.14.—Could I have a word with you, mum?
--Oh, dear, if you ____.A shouldB mustC may D can.15.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ___ go and do the opposite.A shouldB mustC may D can.16.—Who is the girl standing over there?
--Well, if you ___ know, her name is Mabel.A shallB mustC may D can.17.John, look at the time.___ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A NeedB MustC May D Can.18._____ you need any help, you can phone me at the office.A WouldB ShouldC CouldD Had
19.—I’m afraid I will be too busy to go with you.--Well, I’ll keep a seat for you in case you ___ change your mind.A shouldB mayC will D can.20.If anything __ happen to me, please give this letter to my head teacher.A couldB mustC wouldD should
21.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.A being thereB should there beC there wasD there having been
22.—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.--They ___ be ready by 12:00.A shouldB mightC need D can.23.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___ be here at any moment.A shouldB mustC need D can.班级________姓名_____________
1-5 ___________________2-10___________________11-15_________________
16-20__________________21-23_______