下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语写作指导：高中英语写作教学的体会（共含16篇），希望能帮助到大家!同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“lilin870717”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。
高中英语写作指导：高中英语写作教学的体会
一、勤读、多背词汇，好精句
要想写好一篇文章，没有充足的词汇量是不行的。课文中的俗语和谚语的识记是通过背诵来完成。背诵是语言学习的重要手段，也是语言学习的必经之路。
1、背词句，背诵课文中的重点句型和短语尤其是课文中的俗语、谚语和经典句子。
2、背范文，将近几年高考中的作文和课文中好的段落以及报刊上的各种各样的体裁和优秀文章让学生多背，这样学生才能在自己的脑子中形成一定的写作框架，做到心中有数。
3、多读书，用英语进行思维。为了培养学生用英语思维的定势，增加对英语国家文化、社会风俗、风土人情、思维方式的了解，扩大视野，选择课外阅读，提高学生分析、判断、猜测、推理和领悟的能力。部分学生在写作时习惯用汉语思维，然后再逐句译成英语，结果写出来的文章是汉语式的英语。要想学会用英语进行思维，就要有计划、有目的地培养学生的语感。一个重要的方法就是大量阅读，选择精彩的词句、文章和佳句，引导学生阅读，摘抄或背诵来培养语感。
二、亲自动手，自己写作
教师应注重基本功训练，严格要求学生正确，工整，熟练地书写字母，单词和句子，同时注意大小写和标点符号。进行组词造句，组句成段练习时，要学生写出最简单的短句，为以后英语作文打好扎实的基础。这种练习可以安排在刚开始的训练中，要求学生能够用最基本的时态去完成写作。另外结合高中英语基础知识的复习，对学生提出较高写作能力的要求。
1、范例引路
学生在进行短文写作训练时，教师应提供各种文体的范文，讲明各种文体的写作要求和注意事项，如日记，便条，书信，通知的格式等，并给予必要的提示，并掌握各种体裁文章的格式。在平时的教学中，教师应该指导学生应对高考中各种体裁文章。
2、限时训练
教师当场发题，限时交卷。这样能促使学生瞬间接受信息，快速理解信息，迅速表达信息，提高实际应用和应试能力。这一步是关键，也是学生的的难关。必须要求学生在写作过程中牢牢记住以下口诀：“先读提示，要点与格式要弄清；时态语态要当心，前后呼应要一致；结构搭配，莫违背；文章写好细检查，点滴小错别忽视”。学生明确目的，并掌握要领后，要严格在规定时间内完成作业。
3、多想精炼
在平时的教学中，教师要求学生多看、多听、多想，用心体验和感悟身边的人和事，然后将自己的体验和感受用英语写出来。教师可要求学生每周写两篇，有话则长，无话可短。对不同水平的学生作不同的要求。鼓励表达自己的看法和体会。
此外，有时根据所学单元知识布置一篇作文，或给学生提供一些与时事或与学生学习活动和生活有关的材料。此类话题的现实性能诱发学生的写作兴趣，使其有话可写，有感而发；还能增强其信心，使其写作能力、技巧得到充分的锻炼和提高。对于有待进步的学生要及时励，激发其写作热情，增强其自信心。
4、自改互改
对照范文，学生先对已查出的表达有误的.地方进行初改。范文不可能把各种表达方式都包括进去，况且学生作业中的错误也不尽相同，因此，还可安排学生互改。以同桌两人为宜，这样同时进行了改错训练。
三、培养学生良好的写作习惯
写作教学是一项“由简单到复杂，循环往复不断上升的”过程。不是一蹴而就的，需要教师在教学中由浅入深、由简入繁、由易到难、循序渐进。起始阶段，培养学生良好的写作习惯是非常重要的。要求学生做到以下几点：
1、认真审题。要求学生认真审读图表或提纲，领会意图，捕捉信息，确定文章时态及体裁。
2、写提纲。教师引导学生构思文章要点，写出每个段落主题句、关键词，然后确定细节和内容要点。
3、写初稿。经过审题和列提纲后，学生开始写作，教师指导学有意识地使用固定句型，使用关联词，把段落按逻辑顺序连成一体，形成基本连贯的初稿。
4、检查错误。检查是书面表达不可缺少的环节，学生完成初稿后，老师指导学生从以下六个方面进行修改和查错：
（1）看要点是否齐全，有无遗漏；
（2）体裁是否恰当，有无偏题；
（3）内容是否连贯，有无缺词；
（4）语法是否正确，人称、时态、语态、冠词及名词单复数等有无错误；
（5）用词是否得当，有无习语及固定搭配等方面的错误
（6）最后注意句与句、段与段之间有无合适的连接及过渡，经过有效的训练，学生犯的错误会逐渐减少，同时学生的书面表达能力会逐步提高。
总之，教学有法，教无定法。教师面对的教育对象是多样化的，因此在教学中一定要关注学生的个体差异，采取相应的措施，激发学生写作的兴趣。让学生参与实践，体验成功的快乐，循序引导，学生点滴积累，不断磨练，这样能达到理想的效果。
浅谈高中英语写作教学
文/胡 云
摘 要：英语课是高中的一门基础课程，也是高考必考的科目之一。而英语写作在整个高考试卷中占很重要的分量。目前，许多考生害怕写作，甚至考试时一遇到写作就头疼。面对这种情况，高中英语教师也一直都在寻找解决的良策，结合高中英语教学内容来寻找加强英语教学和提高学生英语写作水平的途径。
英语是当今世界上主要的国际通用语言之一，也是世界上最广泛使用的语言。目前，许多国家在基础教育发展战略中，都把英语教育作为公民素质教育的重要组成部分，并将其摆在突出的地位。随着我国对外开放的不断扩大，科学技术的不断进步，国际地位的不断提高，迫切需要造就一大批精通外语的专门人才，来加速我国的现代化进程，使我国在国际事务中发挥更大、更积极的作用。因此，学好英语对实现上述目标具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。目前，我们英语教师正担负着实现上述目标的重大使命，我们应努力扛起肩上的胆子，为祖国培养实现现代化的高素质外语人才。
目前，在高中英语教学中，大多数教师都认识到了听、说、读、写四方面技能的重要性，而很多教师在教学过程中只注意对这几方面的培养，从而忽视了对英语写作的指导和训练，我们在高考成绩统计表中也会发现，大部分学生选择填空都做得很好，而书面表达却丢了很多分。有的学生甚至写的是中式英语，这就严重导致了读与写的失衡，使学生的英语综合素质难以提升。那么高中英语教师怎样用科学的方法来提高学生的写作水平呢？下面我就结合自己多年的教学实践，谈谈自己对解决这一问题的`看法。
一、重视学生词汇与句型的积累
英语写作是离不开词汇和句型的，它们之间是鱼与水的关系，英语写作如果离开词汇与句型，学生的想法和观点就不能表达出来。而即使勉强表达出来，也不可能观点明确、语言流畅。所以教师在常规的教学过程中一定要重视对学生词汇和句型的积累。在积累时教师不能采取传统的教学方法让学生死记硬背，让学生机械地写十遍甚至二十遍，而是要结合新课改理念，选择一些科学有效的方法让学生轻松愉悦地记住相关词汇。例如，可以在课堂上通过小组比赛的形式强化学生记忆，这样，学生在有趣的比赛中就能把词汇记得更牢。至于句型，我认为，教师首先应该让学生学会怎样写简单句，通过简单句的练习打好学生的基本功，然后，结合学生的掌握情况再一点一点地提高，循序渐进，学生掌握了简单句的写法后，我们再对其进行并列句和复合句的练习。在句型的积累上，切不可贪心，一定要一点一滴进行，否则，后期的训练可能就是徒劳。等训练的时间久了，学生积累的词汇量多了、句型多了，写作也就变得容易了。
二、营造课堂氛围，提升学生学习的积极性
俗话说，兴趣是最好的老师，学生在学习某一项知识时，只有对其产生兴趣，才能主动地学习。对英语学习也是如此，我们都知道，大部分高中生都认为英语学习是所有学科中最难的学科，尤其是一到写作，学生更是发愁。为此，教师在教学过程中一定要营造课堂氛围，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，把英语写作学习变成英语学习中最有魅力的部分。教师在写作教学中可以通过开展多种有趣活动来激发学生的学习兴趣，提高表达能力。例如，在课堂上可以通过英语对话或演讲的形式来训练学生的口头表达能力、语言运用能力。教师在对学生作文进行评价时可以尝试让同学间互相批改。这样，可以充分调动学生参与的积极性，大家在互相争论中也会迸发出更多的火花，不仅让学生了解了自己的不足，而且还可以从中学习他人作文中的优点。通过这些有趣活动不仅可以激发学生的学习兴趣，提高教学效率，更让学生在活动中轻松地学习写作，实现学以致用的教学效果。
三、构建评价体系，提高学生的写作能力
每个学生的先天资质不同，每个学生的后天学习效果不同，他们对语法、句型的掌握与应用程度也不同，写作的水平也不尽相同。我们教师要尊重每个学生的生活经验和个性特点，尊重他们在学习过程中的不同学习方法和他们在学习过程中取得的成果。长期以来，我们教师在评价学生对知识的掌握情况时，常常过度地追求完美，从而忽视了学生的内心承受力，导致一些学生对学习失去了信心。所以，新时代的英语教师在英语写作的教学过程中，一定要建立合理的评价体系。例如，在对学生的作文进行评价时，一定要摒弃传统的作文批改方式，应对学生交上的作文当面批改，对作文的优点一定要给予口头表扬，树立学生学习的信心。同时，要指出作文存在的不足，并引导学生了解自己错误的原因。当在课堂上练习口头作文的时候，教师一定要时常用一句暖人的话、鼓励的目光给予学生以肯定，肯定学生的表现、肯定学生富有创造性的语言、肯定学生的语言组织能力等，通过这样的评价体系，激发学生的写作兴趣，更好地提高学生的写作能力。
总之，当今世界英语已经成为了一种国际性语言，其用途之广是可想而知的。我们高中英语教师，要不断提高自己的素质，在教学过程中不断总结教学方法，提高学生的口语交际能力，提升学生外语学习的综合水平和整体素质。
参考文献：
［1］王文宇，文秋芳。母语思维与二语写作：大学生英语写作过程研究［J］。解放军外国语学院学报，（04）。
［2］杨自俭。再谈“两张皮”问题［J］。外语与外语教学，（10）。
（作者单位 海南省屯昌县屯昌中学）
高中英语写作教学初探
高中英语写作教学在高中生学习英语学科知识中有着十分重要的意义,<课程标准>更是突出了英语写作教学在高中英语教学中的重要地位.本文探讨了高中生在写作中存在的'问题,并在此基础上提出了提高英语写作能力的教学对策与途径.
作 者：王艳 作者单位：灌云县陡沟中学,江苏,灌云,222211 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)： “”(23) 分类号：G63 关键词：高中英语 写作教学 问题 对策与途径上海市共和中学 杨家贵
英语作文教学向来是英语教学中的难点,学生写作的确也存在着各种各样的问题,如果让学生从基础抓起,一条条地去克服,显然对于学习任务繁重,而有不得不时时紧张备考各门功课的学生来说,是耗不起如此巨大的精力与时间的. 但是,只要我们英语教师不断地钻研作文的辅导方法,积累更多的切实可行的英语作文写作模式教与学生,这也不失为快速﹑有效﹑全面地解决问题,提高学生英语写作水平的好方法. 本文分析了高中英语议论文的相关要点，提供两种类型的议论文写作模式,用于对学生的指导，使其能利用所提供的议论文模式轻松地完成写作任务．
一、英语议论文写作要点
议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张.作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读
者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点:
1. 论点要鲜明、确切．一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证．
2. 论据要充分、可靠．一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据．
3. 论证要严密、得法．归纳法（induction）和演绎法（deduction）是议论文常用的论证方法．归纳法的例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法．例如：报纸是一种媒体（medium ），人们可以从中得到现代信息；电视是一种媒体，人们也可以从中获得信息；广播也是媒体，人们同样可以从中获得现代信息．因此我们可以得出结论，其他媒体，如网络等，一定会给人们信息．演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来．例如：所有的媒体都可以给人们提供信息，网络是媒体，因此人们可以从网络中获得信息．在归纳中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以点概面．如：（课本高二上P81）：
I borrowed a book from the library last week .It was very boring and difficult .I read only ten pages. Therefore, I think that all library books are useless.
评注: It does not have a logical argument .The writer dislike one library book, but not all library books are the same. The writer should not make a general statement (All library books are useless) based on his reactions to one single book.
二、议论文的写作步骤:
1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制．因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支援什么，反对什么．
2. 主体段（main body）．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据．（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述．
3. 结论（conclusion）． 结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章．同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话．
例：课本高二上P78 第一封信
Tutorial center is helpful.
I have studied at a tutorial center for two years. My command of English has improved considerably since I started this course.
At my center, the fees are reasonable. My tutors are qualified teachers. I have been helped a lot by them. They are sincere and kind.
One of my teachers was British. At first, I could not say anything to her. But later I learned how to communicate in English with a westerner.
I think that the tutorial center has given me a lot of confidence in using English.
评注: 第一段提出论点, 体现家教中心是helpful(段划线部分) ,主体段分别从几个方面(划线部分)来阐述家教中心的确有帮助,结论段重申家教中心的作用(划线部分),且语句表达与第一段中的不重复.
三、议论文的写作模式
1. 议论文的类型
英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型:
① “一分为二”的观点．如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”
② “两者选一”的观点．如，期中考试作文题，“乘火车还是乘飞机”
③“我认为……”型．如“你对课外阅读的看法”
④“怎样……（how to）”型．如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”．
⑤ 图表作文．通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法．
按照高二上学期的写作要求，学生主要应掌握①②两种类型的议论文的写作．在第①种类型中命题涉及某一事物或现象的正反两个方面：通过正反两个方面的对比，得出结论是利大于弊，还是弊大于利．论证要围绕所要得出的结论来展开，若利大于弊，则有利的一面要多阐述一点．反之亦然．
在第②种类型中，命题要求在A或B两者之间作一比较或选择，两个对象往往各有优势，所以结论部分有两种情况：
a. 要么支持A，要么支持B;
b. A、B优势均难的割舍，只好依情况而定在结论部分说清楚在什么条件选A, 在什么条件选B．
下面重点介绍第①、②种类型议论文的写作模式.
2. “一分为二”观点的议论文模式
Introduction
第1段:Nowadays more and more people．．．/．．．plays an important part in．．．. like everything else, ．．．has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows.
Main body
第2段：Firstly,.. Secondly,…In addition/What’s more…
第3段: Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are also apparent/obvious. To begin with…; To make matters worse…; Worse of all…
Conclusion
第4段: Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. Therefore…
例文1. 看电视的利与弊 Advantages and disadvantages of watching TV
Nowadays more and more people like to watch TV. So TV plays a very important part in our life. But watching TV has both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
Firstly, you can expand your knowledge by watching TV. As we all know, learning things by TV is much faster than by listening to the radio or just by reading books. For it has colorful pictures as well as wonderful music.
Secondly, you may know anybody you want to know such as famous singers, super stars, scientists and so on.
What’s more, you can go everywhere by traveling programs. Let’s suppose, if you like traveling very much, but you have to work on weekends or holidays, you must be very sad. And now open your TV and it’ll take you to anywhere.
Every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also obvious. For example, watching too much TV can easily become short-sighted, especially for children and students. To make matters worse, some young students are keen on watching TV so that they give up their studies gradually.
Through above analysis, I think watching TV is a way of studying, it is good for us to watch TV. But when we watch TV, we should make a plan otherwise watching TV will destroy our life.
例文2. 谈谈出国留学的利与弊 Where to attend a college
Nowadays more and more young people are going to study abroad. Like everything else, studying abroad has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows.
Firstly, they think by attending a college in a foreign country they can learn not only useful knowledge, but also the culture and customs of other nations. Secondly, they can take advantage of this opportunity to gain a good command of the foreign language they are learning very quickly. Moreover, they can meet different people and experience different cultures, which may help to broaden their views.
Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. The costs are much higher than those in their native country. Most overseas students have to work for a living, which can’t allow them to pay all their attention to study. What’s more, they may feel very lonely.
Through above analysis, we can see that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I am in favor of going abroad to study.
写作练习：
①谈谈校服 （school uniforms）.
提示：近年来，越来越多的中小学要求穿校服．对此引发了学生中由对这个问题的讨论，请写一片英语短文阐述你的观点．
Reference: some of the main arguments for and against school uniforms.
FOR AGAINST
1.Students look neat and tidy. 1.Uniforms are expensive.
2.The public knows which school you are from. 2.Children grow fast, need new uniforms.
3.Parents all pay the same money. 3.Some uniforms are very uncomfortable.
4.Students don’t worry about fashions. 4.Students all look the same, can’t be individuals.
5.Teachers can identify students on school trips. 5.Get bored with same clothes every day.
6.Good discipline for students.
②说广告（about advertisement）.
提示：有人说广告在现代社会是很重要，有人认为广告的促销成分太多，你认为……
3.“两者选一”观点的议论文模式
模式⑴:A、B两者优劣势分析,要么选A,要么选B.
Introduction
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more advantages.
Main body
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason is that … Another reason is that…(赞同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some extent, (列出1~2个B的优势)
Conclusion
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A) is much better than (B). from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that …(总结观点)
例文: Which is better? Cars or bikes?
Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways. Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Personally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more advantages.
There are many reasons why I prefer cars. The main reason is that cars bring convenience and mobility to the owners. What’s more, a car is far more comfortable to travel in, especially in the changeable weather. Another reason is that, when more people buy cars, the automobile industry will develop more quickly. The growth of the automobile industry can motivate the rise of other related industries such as iron and steel production.
Of course, bicycles can take you to anywhere you like in town and does not need a large parking place. Besides, it is not as expensive as a car and therefore every family can afford to buy.
But if all these factors are considered, cars are much better than bicycles. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that people can live better with the use of cars.
模式⑵: A、B优势相当,依情况而定,有条件地选择A或B.
Introduction
第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A) and (B)? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison.
Main body
第2段：It is true that(选择A的优势之一). It is also true that(选择A的优势之二). But (选择A的劣势).
第3段: Though.(选择B的劣势), (选择B的优势之一). Furthermore, (选择B的优势之二).
Conclusion
第4段: Therefore, if you…, you should choose (A), but if you…, you should choose (B). (总结观点,提出建议)
例文: Listening to the radio or reading the newspapers?
Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between listening to the radio and reading the newspapers? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison.
It is true that listening to the radio is quick and convenient. It is also true that we can listen to the radio while are doing something else. So we can save a lot of time. But radio programs have their own time schedule. You cannot get the information you need every time you turn on your radio.
Though newspapers are not as quick as radio, reading from the newspaper can certainly bring us news more clearly and more exactly. Furthermore, while reading, we have time to think about what we are reading, to judge it, to analyze it, and then we will be more aware of its cause and effect.
We are living in an information age. We have to make full use of the information we can get if we are to achieve our goals.
Therefore, if we want to get the latest news, we can listen to the radio, but if we want to get the exact words, we’d better read the newspaper.
写作练习:
① 健康与财富(Health and Wealth)
提示: 健康与财富哪个更重要一直是一个热门话题(hot topic),请简述你的观点.
② 哪里住更好(Where to live?)
提示: 有的人喜欢往城里挤,有的人喜欢往乡下搬. 各有所好,孰是孰非,你以为如何?
参考文献:
1. Oxford English for Senior High School Students (Shanghai edition), Oxford University Press, .
2. 王长喜十二句作文法, 王长喜,北京:中国社会出版社,.7
3. 英语高分指导.写作.高中卷, 郭凤高,第二版, 上海:上海交通大学出版社,
4. 高考英语作文直通车,曹越宇, 上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2003
附录(Appendix):
一、写作常用逻辑衔接词
根据衔接词本身在文章中所起的作用,主要分为以下四类,即 “起” “承” “转” “合”.
1. 表示“起”的常用词语. 用于开篇引出扩展句.
at first
at present
currently
first(ly)
in the beginning
to begin with
first of all
in the first place
lately
to start with
now
2. 有关“承”的常用词语. 用来承接上文,表递进.
After/after that/afterwards
After a few days
After a while
Also/too
At any rate
At the same time
Besides
Furthermore
In addition
In addition to
In fact
In other words
In particular
particularly
In the same way
Incidentally
Indeed
Meanwhile
Moreover
No doubt
Obviously
Of course
3. 有关“转”的常用词语. 用来表示不同或相反的意思.
After all even though
All the time nevertheless
Anyway nonetheless
At the same time still
Conversely in fact
In/by contrast as a matter of fact
Despite especially
Fortunately however
In spite of luckily
Though/although no doubt
On the contrary otherwise
Unfortunately unlike
Whereas yet
4. 有关“合”的常用词语. 用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容.
Above all in sum
Accordingly in summary
As a consequence on the whole
As a result therefore
As has been noted thus
As I have said to speak frankly
At last to sum up
At length to summarize
Briefly surely
By doing so to conclude
Consequently no doubt
Eventually undoubtedly
Finally doubtless
Hence truly
In brief so
In conclusion obviously
In short certainly
All in all
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for what you did for me on my last birthday. I'd never expected you detected my birthday. If it had not been for your advocating a chorus of happy birthday in class, I fear that I would have been depressed and lonely. All my classmates agree that it was you who contributed to my confidence. Ever since, I have been lovely and popular among my class. Again I would like to express my warm thanks to you!
常用的表达:
Please accept my gratitude/my thanks.
Your help is very much appreciated.
I am writing to express my thanks for ...
I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for...
I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.
On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for...
I am grateful/obliged to you for...
I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding your kindness.
I take this opportunity to express my hearted appreciation of your help you rendered me.
It was kind and generous of you to do this for me，and l appreciate it more than l can say.
Please accept my cordial thanks for your timely help.
Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you.
作者|王贵友
公众号：贵友英语写作
1、审题：审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。
2、进行构思，列出简单的提纲，打造文章之骨架：审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。
3、扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。
在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：
1)确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题、不跑题。
2)要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。
3)用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，
文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。
1)在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加文章的可读性。
2)使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
3)改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或用分词等。
4)学会使用过渡词。
(1) 递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc
(2) 转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc
(3) 总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc
(4) 强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc
(5) 对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc
5)确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。
时态要尽量保持一致。
4、检查修改：要检查复核，不要写完了事。
要留时间通读全文，修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适，是否有语法错误，主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等，还有就是注意卷面整洁。
可归纳为：中心突出，主题明确;层次清楚，条理清晰; 表达力强，传情达意;语句通顺，句型多变;过渡自然，衔接紧凑;标点正确，大小无误;字迹清楚，卷面整洁。
广州市白云中学 何文娟
内容提要 在高中英语新课程标准中，对写作技能提出了更高的要求。英语写作在高考中的得分是学生成绩拉开距离的重要项目。因此，在高中阶段，教师应重视英语写作，认真研究新教材和新课程标准，在指导学生英语写作上下功夫，有计划、有目的训练和提高学生的写作能力。本文分析目前学生对高中英语写作面临的问题，并对此介绍新课程标准下高中英语新教材的写作教学的一些策略。
关键词 高中英语课程标准 英语写作 写作问题 教学策略
在新《普通高中英语课程标准》中，写作技能占有重要作用，并对此提出了新的要求。因为在现代社会中，无论是用传统的纸笔还是用最先进的电子邮件传递信息，写作都是非常重要的。写作是反映学生实际语言水平的一种综合能力。目前，写作在高考中仍然占有相当比重，写作得分是学生成绩拉开距离的重要项目。因此，在高中阶段教师应重视英语写作，认真研究新教材和新课程标准，在指导和组织学生进行英语写作上下功夫，在平时教学中应有计划、有目的地去训练和提高学生的写作能力。笔者结合人教版新教材模块5-7的教学实践和体会，主要就新课程标准下高中英语写作教学的运用及存在的一些问题作一些探索，以适应新课改的需求。
一、新课程标准对写作的新要求
写作能力是高中英语教学培养学生的重要语言技能之一，《英语课程标准》对九级语言技能目标――写作能力的描述如下：1. 能用英文书写摘要、报告、通知和公务信涵等；2. 能比较详细和生动地用英语描述情景、态度或情感；3. 能阐述自己的观点和评述他人的观点，文体恰当，用词准确；4. 能在写作中恰当地处理引用的资料及他人的原话；5. 能填写各种表格，写个人简历和申请书，用语基本正确、得当；6. 能做简单的笔头翻译；7. 能在以上写作过程中做到文字通顺，格式正确。
同时详细列出写作技能与试题设计的要求和写作评价标准。其中测试方式：1. 短文写作（日记、小故事等）；2. 实用性写作（卡片、信件、说明、留言、填写表格等）；3. 图文信息转换（图表描述、信息解读、写配图说明）；4. 接续完成文段；5. 写电子邮件等。而对学生的作文主要从内容要点、语言使用效果、结构和连贯性、格式和语域以及与目标读者的交流五个方面进行评价。
教师只有理解了课程标准的写作要求，并运用到平时的写作训练教学中，才能有效地提高学生的英语写作能力。
二、学生面临的写作问题
对于高中生，用英文写作是一项很难掌握的语言技能。影响学生英语写作的主要因素有以下方面：
（一）心理因素方面
不少学生认为英语写作难。一方面，提高写作费时多，见效慢；另一方面，学生在写作中时常因缺少词汇和基本写作技能而感到困惑。相当部分学生出现畏难情绪，产生信心不足的心态，常把它看成是死板的任务。他们不积极主动地去配合老师搞好写作训练，甚至产生逆反心理。因此，这种消极态度严重影响了练习写作的动力。
（二）写作基础方面
写作基础主要指遣词造句的基本功。在这方面，学生最为突出的问题是词汇贫乏。为数不少的学生在需要用语言表达时，就感到力不从心，写出来的句子常常令人费解。此外，其它的语言错误、语法错误、词汇拼写及标点符号方面的错误也比比皆是。这种语言表达手段的贫瘠和错误反映学生所掌握的常用词汇量太少，灵活运用英语句式的能力还较差。
（三）写作内容方面
从平时的练习和考试中看出，大部分学生所写的作文内容贫乏，思路不开阔。这反映出他们思想不活跃，缺乏观察和思考。由于思路阻塞，又懒于思索，写作时所用的词语自然是最简单、最保险的词，因此所写内容单调，平淡。有的作文空话连篇，反来复去用那么几句话，显得词穷语尽，没有实际内容，苍白无力。
（四）写作技巧方面
许多学生在写作技巧方面缺乏全面系统的学习。表现在写作动笔前不审题，不构思，想一句写一句，东拼西凑，语无伦次，根本没有使作文主题与段落和句子连贯为一体的整体概念。另一方面，学生在写作时，过分注意每一句话的语法和单词拼写，而忽视了前后句子的衔接，于是所写语篇断断续续，文章主题模糊不清。此外，修改环节常常受到忽视，以至学生不懂得如何修改文章。
三、写作教学的策略
分析了解学生的主要写作问题后，教师要经常性地有意识地对学生进行写作重要性的教育，并通过立足新教材和活用新教材，重视挖掘、拓宽学生学习英语写作的渠道，指导学生进行高效率的写作练习。
（一）培养学生学习写作的兴趣
“学习兴趣是学生积极认识事物和积极参与学习活动的倾向，是积极学习中最现实和最活跃的成分。”学习兴趣的培养能帮助学生树立较强的自信心，形成克服困难的意志，激励其学习外语的自觉性，养成良好的习惯。
1．学生一进入高中，笔者通过讨论和举例，让他们清楚知道英文写作在日常工作和生活中的重要作用。如：使用Internet，与国外亲戚用英文聊天；写英文邮件；写英文求职信……
2．笔者还详细介绍了《英语写作课程》（Functional Writing）一书，让他们知道短文写作的体裁形式多种多样，有生活实际运用较多的应用文；并告诉他们这些是较容易掌握的，以化解他们的畏难情绪。
3．在第一节写作课中，笔者尝试让学生在电脑室上课，内容是学习用电子邮件给不同组的同学写邀请信；并在课后张贴学生的优秀范文，让他们体会到学以致用，在称赞与肯定中培养学习英语写作的兴趣。
学生对写作感兴趣后，就会积极配合上课，写作的训练就可事半功倍了。
（二）帮助学生养成良好的语言学习习惯
众所周知，“让学生学会如何去学”成为了新课程的核心。这一思想应当被融合到所有的教学活动中去。让学生充分认识到养成良好的语言学习习惯是写作能力提高的必要条件。
1．要积累短语词汇。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样，词汇是说话写作的必需材料。笔者要求学生收集新教材每一个模块的重要短语和句型，每天抄写和背诵，长期积累来提高词汇量。
2．要背诵每个阅读课文中的主旨段落和较多短语句型的段落。这样做，可以帮助学生理解课文，记忆重要短语句型，积累话题写作的内容和培养语感。
3．要收集英语写作各种题型的格式和篇章结构，收集常用的开头和结尾的优美句型，并背诵佳句，甚至佳作。
4．要有自主学习的系列写作练习。在专项训练的课堂里培养学生的写作技能，仅靠课堂教学是远远不够的，它还需要大量的课外练习，学生应该把课堂里学到的技巧在课外加以运用实践。
5．要注意写作时间，集中精力，一气呵成。另外，时刻提醒学生“Don’t write what you think, just write what you can.”
（三）认真组织学生提高英语写作技能的教学
《高中英语课程标准教师读本》明确指出写作基本技能有：整理思路，组织素材，规划文章结构，列出提纲，起草文章，组织语言，遣词造句，修改文章，正确使用标点符号和字母大小写。在教学中，笔者认真研究新教材，根据写作材料内容设计了一系列的教学活动，与如何提高学生的写作技能密切结合在一起。以下是笔者在具体教学实践中的主要教学流程：
构思阶段 写时阶段 评价阶段
*讨论主题，激活灵感；
*审图审题，明确要点；
*搜集素材，准备语言；
*阅读范文，注意结构。 *连句成文；
*选用连词;
*写提纲；
*仿写。
*自我修改；
*小组评价与修改；
*班级投映评价与修改；
*制作班级写作板报。
1．构思阶段――讨论为主，注意紧密结合
笔者认为，应充分合理地利用教材本身，巧妙设计一些练习活动，并结合多媒体，给学生提供有效的、活生生的运用语言的机会，充分讨论写作主题，从而激活写作灵感；认真审题明确要点后，讨论可用的语言素材，形成写作思路，以做好写初稿的准备。
例如：
模块 7 Unit One Living Well 的单元话题是围绕“残疾”、“残疾人的生活”展开的，介绍残疾人积极进取的生活。笔者在教学写作中设计了下面的写作任务：
假如你的朋友小华在一次旅游中遭遇了车祸，并因此成了残疾人。现你写一封信给小华鼓励他顽强生活，并给出一些建议。
学生刚学习了“阅读部分”残疾人Marty Fielding的故事，对 Marty Fielding如何过好的生活是非常熟悉的。笔者设计的写前活动如下：
（1） 结合所学内容，讨论写作要点：
＊ 不要失去信心，有残疾并不意味着生活不美满。
＊ 不要闲坐着为自己忧伤。
＊ 实际上，有很多事情你可以干得好。
＊ 你可以跟朋友去玩，养些宠物，网上学习……
＊ 你可以从中得到很多乐趣。
（2） 讨论正文的主要结构： 第一段要开门见山讲写信的目的；
第二段要详细描述写作要点；
第三段要提出要求或呼吁等。
( 3 ) 讨论语言表达，从文中搜集素材
＊ I’m very sorry to hear that you had a serious accident last month.
＊ I heard you are very sad, and I’m worried about you.
＊ I’m writing to tell you… / in order to / so that you can …
＊ Don’t …
＊ Lose heart, sit around feeling sorry for yourself , give up
＊ There are many things you can do really well.
＊ Play with friends , raise pets, spend time with pets, study on the Internet …
＊ You can get a lot of enjoyment out of them.
＊ Look forward to your good news.
＊ I’ll help you whenever you need help.
又例如：
模块5 Unit Two The United Kingdom学习写作 My Hometown-----Baiyun District时，笔者设计了下面的幻灯片帮助学生完成任务，效果不错。如：写前讨论家乡主题（地理位置、家乡特色、生活方式和人文历史），观察名胜图片激活灵感，分析写作要点并组织语言准备，学习写提纲和谋篇。（名胜古迹图片略）
幻灯片 1&2
幻灯片 3&4
幻灯片 5&6
经过一系列的充分讨论和使用多媒体投映，学生明确了具体内容要点、具体事项；通过“一意多译”的方法，学生归纳了各种不同的表达方式；然后学生选择可供使用的句型和用语，按照文体和篇章要求，可以写出完整的语篇来。学生也必定能巩固语言知识和提高写作技能。
2．写时阶段――仿写为主，注意文章整体性
模仿优秀的英文范例，在学习英语写作的初级阶段，对于迅速提高学生的英文写作水平，帮助极大。首先，阅读范文可以使学生争强感性认识，熟悉作文所必需的开端、衔接、结尾等基本技巧；再则，学生在练习写作的过程中，能参照一些同类体裁的范文，这对于谋篇、行文，有很好的借鉴作用。笔者以模块6 Unit Four Global Warming教学写议论文为例，简单介绍教学过程：
(1) 分析文章结构：
第一段：开头点明话题。
第二段：用分类式的方法分析不同的观点，并阐明理由。
第三段：归纳总结或发表评论。
(2) 归纳常用句型并造句:
*Opinions are divided on the question.
*People argue that… / They agree that …
*… hold the view/opinion that….
* … disagree / hold a different opinion that …
* first, second , third / on the other hand / besides / …
(3) 阅读范文: (NMET书面表达)
最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。
60%的同学认为： 40%的同学认为：
1、不应收门票
2、公园是公众休闲的地方
3、如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象 1、应收门票，但票价不宜高
2、支付园林工人工资
3、购新花木
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% students think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
(4) 学习范文中的连词和主题结构: (黑体字部分)
(5) 仿写练习:
假如你叫李华，你校高三同学正在开展一场讨论，讨论主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼？请你根据下面所提供的信息，给某英文社写一封信，介绍讨论情况。
55%的学生认为 45%学生认为
1．应该每天进行体育锻炼。 1．锻炼浪费时间。
2．可以做早操、打乒乓球、打篮球，但不要时间太长。 2．锻炼使人疲劳。
3． 锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病。 3．运动后很兴奋，较长时间不能复习功课。
4．运动使大脑休息，使复习效果更好。 4．运动中可能会受伤。
注意：1信的开头已为你写好。 2词数100左右。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about a discussion we’ve had about whether students of Senior 3 should take exercise.
3．评价阶段――鼓励为主，注意及时反馈与修改
写作讲评是非常关键的，因为在每一次认真高效的讲评之后，学生的写作技能都会有所提高。因此，笔者在每次布置写作之后，一定及时批改，及时发现带有共同性、倾向性的错误，并分析其性质和来源，然后及时在课堂上反馈。
评价有四种方式：
(1) 自我修改与评价
学生完成任务后，笔者要求他们仔细认真检查一遍，看格式是否正确，要点是否齐全，开头结尾是否合理，有无简单的单词和语法错误，并及时改正错误。然后自己给这次写作任务评分。
(2) 小组相互修改与评价
小组同学互相交换习作，并通过讨论彼此的错误和较好的表达方式，为学生再提供一次学习的机会，及时修改习作，然后小组长给同学的习作评分。
(3) 班级投映修改与评价
小组长选出一篇较好的习作，在全班投映并朗读。笔者通过引导学生讨论并集体修改，让学生找出习作中较好的短语、句型等闪光点。然后笔者通过投映展示范文，并强调写作要点。
(4) 制作班级写作板报
要求学生再次修改习作，并课后上交。笔者从中挑选8篇优秀作品，并做简单的评语，然后让他们制作成一个精美的班级写作板报，在班级中展示。
学生自行批改有助与于他们提高书面表达中的语言准确性。这种学习方法使学生拥有更多的参与机会，可以互相帮助，通过自己的思考解决问题。学生通过写与改，不仅学会了使用语言进行交流，而且掌握了基本的语言知识，使语言功能和语言形式有机的结合起来，从而提高了学生的整体语言素质。
总之，写作随着新《高中英语课程标准》和近几年高考评分标准的提高，对学生的书面表达能力提出了新的、更高的要求。若教师注重平时训练中存在的问题，不断改进教学方法，培养学生良好的学习方法并更新和完善学习方法，则学生一定能写出出色的妙语佳篇来。
参考文献
1、中华人民共和国教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》 人民教育出版社，
2、金莺 宋桂月 《高中英语课程标准教师读本》 华中师范大学出版社，2003
3、何安平《高中英语课程改革理论与实践》 东北师范大学出版社，
4、马晓梅 《英语写作提高与范文百篇》 西安交通大学出版社，
5、李斌宁 《英语学习经验谈》 北京大学出版社，1995
6、曲一线 张立新 《5年高考3年模拟 B版 英语》 首都师范大学出版社，
英语写作课不知讲些什么，学生写作时不知从何写起，作文不成句，语法错误，一直是老师们的困惑，也是学生的绊脚石。到底写作课该如何上，怎么下手，下面分享几点方法：
高中英语写作课教学
一、消除学生的恐惧心理，培养写作习惯
针对我校学生基础差，学习习惯不好的状况，首先让学生知道，写作并不难，就是把我们要说的话，用自己的话写出来，我们平时讲课的例句就是很好的素材，只要稍加整理即可，关键是敢写。
二、注意平时积累词汇，打好写作基础
平时上课尤其是词汇教学时，注意提醒学生积累一些例句，段落甚至是名人名言。要求学生背诵课文中的佳句和词汇句型较多的段落，这样可以帮助学生理解课文内容，背诵重点句型和短语，积累话题写作的素材，培养学生的语感。课下注意收集各种体裁的写作 篇章结构以及开头结尾常用的优美句型。
三、练习写作的句式变化，进行专题指导
写作水平的提高非一日之功，也不能光说不练，积累素材完成后，教师要进行针对性的写作方法指导。首先，训练过程要循序渐进，要让学生体验到成功，有信心，愿意去写作，并且要安排由易到难，由课内到课外，有机械到灵活。英译汉练习让学生写出课文中的重点句子——利用单元词汇进行造句练习——缩写课文——改写课文——仿写课文——写与课文相关的短文。其次，讲解写作步骤：审题——构思——提纲——初稿——修改——定稿。并注意写作中记叙文的五个W(what---who---when---where---why or how)。最后，提醒学生注意写作规则和标点符号的使用，并把高考评分标准展示给学生们，让他们对照自己的文章，找出存在的问题。
四、真实客观的评价，批改欣赏得法
对于学生习作的批改，有两种途径，一是教师面批面改，及时发现学生存在的问题，提出改进的建议和今后要注意的问题。二是学生互评互批，这样既可以看到别人的长处，积累更多的方法，又可以发现学生们共同性的错误，以利于改正提高。教师应及时反馈具有共同性和倾向性的错误，并把优秀作文展示出来，激励优秀学生，鼓舞其他学生。
写作高分技巧
一、背诵+默写+仿写
step 1 背诵
其实，想要提高英文写作水平，无非就三大方法：多读、多背、多写。读是用心读，在阅读文章时及时将看到的精彩词汇、词组、句型记录下来，并在写作中反复运用积累下来的表达。
背诵确实是提高英语实力和考研分数的最好办法，但这个背并不是死记硬背，尽量结合译文，理解之后再背诵。前期背诵，肯定会很痛苦，很难背不下来，但如果能一直坚持下去，背诵速度会有一个明显的提高。
step 2 默写
背诵之后一定要记得默写，很多同学在完成背诵这个环节就不再进行下去。默写才能检验你真正记住了多少。大作文尽量在15分钟内默写完成，小作文默写尽量控制在8分钟以内。
小编建议大家范文只背一遍就好，多多默写几遍。每次默写之后，要仔细对比原文，并用红笔认真修改拼写、标点及语法等方面的错误，找出自己的写作弱点。
step 3 仿写
在掌握范文之后，可以尝试去写一篇话题相似的作文，尽量使用刚刚背过的词汇、词组和句型。
在经过不断地背诵、默写后，仿写一些主题相似的作文就会变得容易起来，等到考场后，自然能够灵活使用范文中学习到的词组、句型以及语法等。
二、语言>结构>内容
No.1 语言
对于阅卷老师来说，在看到一篇考生作文时，他们最看重的是语言水平。同时，语言水平也是考生最薄弱的地方。
语言有两大评分标准：1.用词和句型没有太多的严重错误，可取得写作及格分(小作文6分+，大作文12分+);2.用词和句型富于变化，可取得写作高分(小作文8分+，大作文16分+)
No.2 结构
结构即文章的逻辑性。不同于中文，英文写作比较注重逻辑的严谨性。大家在写作文的时候，可以采用总-分-总结构。
大作文每段首句一般为主题句，其次为两至三句的描述或论证。首段一般是图画或图表的描述，第二、三两段一般为观点的论证。最后一段为小结，概括论证。
No.3 内容
内容即观点或思维。内容上有三大要素：论点、论据和论证。论点即文章的中心思想，一般放在第二段首句及第三段首句;原因、例证等具体论据以及因果、分类等论证出现在第二、三段。
三、书写工整!卷面工整!字迹清晰!
根据考研英语大纲的“评分原则及方法”，如果英语作文书写较差，影响到阅卷，将分数降低一个档次。如果书写较好，小作文直接加2分，大作文直接加4分。作文卷面书写较好，涨6分以上并不是难事。
所以说，大家在写作文的时候一定要注意卷面干净，即使英文写的不好看，也要写清楚，写整齐，保证卷面的整洁度。
高中英语写作教学论文
高中英语写作能力的培养作者/胡葵花
【摘 要】高中英语写作教学实际上是在教师的引导下，让学生与社会环境进行书面交际的重要途径，实质上是作者对语言编码，从而创造一个更为合乎英语逻辑语篇的过程。如果学生不具有语篇意识，则不可能写出高水平的语篇，也就难以实现预期目的。将以语篇意识理论为研究基础，借鉴一些研究成果，提出一些培养学生语篇能力的措施，以供参考。
【关键词】高中英语；写作教学；语篇能力；培养
高中英语教学实践中，无论新课标之规定，还是历年高考对书面表达的考查，写作教学始终是重点，同时也是学生必须掌握的一项基本技能。然而，实践中可以看到，写作教学中关于语篇意识的培养仍处于空白地带，因此学生很难写出高质量的作文。笔者认为，在当前新课标背景下，若想有效提高学生的语篇意识、写作能力，就必须认真做好以下几个方面的工作。
1.加强高中英语语篇连贯与衔接教学
高中英语语篇连贯与衔接过程中，主要表现在语篇结构层面上，同时也是语篇的基本网络形式，语篇中的句子和话语都是通过一定的方式连接起来的。
在日常的写作教学过程中，教师应当结合实例向学生传授有效的衔接技巧，从而使学生能够在写作过程中将前后的句子紧密联系在一起，这对于全面提高高中学生的英语写作水平，具有非常重要的作用。比如以下经典教学案例：In rockmusic there is a distinct and almost overwhelming beat.Nosingle beat is characteristic of the music today.But each song hasan easily recognizable rhythm.As you listen to a song,your footusually starts to pick up the beat.Before long，(www.fwsir.Com)your entire bodyseems to be moving with it.Your head pounds with the beat，andthere is no room for thought.Only the surge of the music isimportant.In its own way，rock music is as dominant as theRock of Gibraltar.Its message is an overpowering emotional one.在该语篇中，不仅有语法衔接、连词，而且教师还可以根据情况引导学生识别和学习词汇之间的衔接纽带。需要说明的是在实际教学过程中，教师不可能完全借助单个的语篇向学生讲解衔接问题，而是应当在日常教学过程中更加留意这方面的素材，相信经过多次讲解，学生一定能够掌握衔接形式和技巧，并应用于写作实践之中。
2.语篇段落发展与结尾教学
段落是英语语篇之本，同时也是构成基本 篇章的最小单位和基本框架。但需要说明的是一个段落的形成，并非是诸多彼此不相干的语句简单地堆积而成，应当是一些有价值、意义，而且彼此相关的语句为实现某交际目的而组合在一起的，然后利用有效的衔接手段，使整个句子更加的合乎逻辑要求。在高中英语教学过程中，教师可根据实际情况，帮助学生对段落写作图式方面的知识面进一步扩展，尤其是主题句写作时，应当确保主题可写性。对于支持句而言，其作为对主题句的有效论述，要求扩展句必须为主题句服务；对于结论句而言，其作为全段的浓缩和总结，应当体现强调和总述作用。在弄清楚语篇段落基本结构以后，接下来要做的.就是段落写作，即如何扩展主题句，使之成为一个段落。实践中常用的方法是按照时间和空间顺序、因果关系以及比较与对比模式，同时还可以按照递降、递增以及总分或者分总和下定义的模式将段落展开。从本质上来讲，该种段落展开方法与该节所探讨的问题是一致的，无论采取哪种具体展开模式，都应当符合段落基本架构，必须由支持句、主题句以及结论句构成。在结尾写作教学过程中，结尾句就是整个段落的最后冲刺，是整个段落的最终浓缩，虽然不是全部的段落都一定要有结尾句，但好的结尾句可以使段落更加的严谨，否则将会出现言出意未尽现象，显得空泛、无力，整篇文章的质量也会大打折扣。
总而言之，高中阶段的英语书面表达与教学活动，一直都是令英语老师、学生非常头疼的难题，教师不知怎样有效的组织教学活动，学生不知怎样去写出色的英语文章。因此，笔者基于新课标关于高中英语写作方面的要求，提出了通过语篇意识培养，来提高学生的英语写作能力，从根本上打破传统的局限于字、词以及句的学习模式，提高英语写作水平。
开学已经第三周，做了一次写作，因此，有感而发。高中英语写作是一种综合能力的训练，是学生应用英语能力的体现。《新课标》明确指出高中英语写作教学应该培养学生表述事实、观点、情感、想象力、交流信息的能力，培养学生规范的写作习惯。在倡导高中英语写作教学理念的基础上，在教学实践中，我重视学生平时的知识积累和英语作文写作训练，遵循先输入后输出的教学原则，尤其像我们二中的学生应该做到如下几点：
一、狠抓基础写作，规范写作习惯
增加词汇量。这是最基本也是最重要的一个环节，词汇量少，则无法表达清楚、完整写作内容。因此，在日常的教学过程中，我狠抓词汇教学，要求学生词汇一定要过关。除教学大纲要求掌握的词汇量之外，必须多阅读课外英语读物，自己扩充单词、词组和短语，小组互相借鉴并记住;牢记基本句型。同时，我注重学生写作模式的培养，使学生养成良好的写作习惯，为以后的英语写作打下基础。其中包括：(1)仔细审题，正确理解题意，弄清要点;(2)抓住中心，紧扣要点，既不要遗漏，也不要增添;(3)语言正确，规范地道，尽量使用学过的、有把握的词汇、句型结构，尽量避免中国式英语;(4)书写规范，卷面整洁，注意大小写和标点符号的使用。
二、及时批改、反馈，让学生学会自我评价
根据遗忘规律的特点，把学生存在的问题在学生没有遗忘前及时地进行反馈，可以收到良好的效果。对学生上交的作文，我一贯的做法是，以最快的速度批改，及时的讲评，反馈各种信息给学生，以便让学生更好的纠正错误，发扬优点。而对于当堂完成的作文，我一般会抽出一篇到两篇习作当堂进行评讲，把作文投影到大屏幕，和全班学生一起欣赏、评论。以肯定的鼓励为主，指出文中的不足之处，肯定可取之处。让学生学会如何评价自己或是他人的作文，以达到提高写作能力的目的。
反思自己的高中英语写作教学，觉得自己在这一块还非常欠缺，缺乏一套行之有效的能够提高学生写作能力的教学方法。在平时的写作训练中经常发现，部分学生对写作感到无从下手，胡乱写些英语单词或不着边际的句子充当字数，错误频出，行文不流畅，表达不地道，无写作质量可言。但是该如何改变学生的这种现状，如何提高学生的写作能力，如何能把写作课上的生动、活泼、有趣，让学生不畏惧作文，这些都是我在今后的教学实践中，值得认真去探索和有待提高的地方。
Describing Events
I. Points to remember:
l To describe an annual event (e.g. a carnival) you should give accurate information in well-structured paragraphs. Briefly introduce the event, stating the place, the time and the reason it takes place. Give more detailed information concerning the preparations and the description of the event in the main body. Finish by describing people’s feelings or commenting on the event.
l Present tenses are commonly used to describe annual events (e.g. annual festivals). However, if the event happened in the past, past tenses should be used. (e.g. a wedding which you attended last Saturday). The Passive is frequently used to described the preparations or activities which take place, e.g. Turkey is served for Christmas dinner.
l Narrative techniques and a variety of descriptive adjectives can be used to set the scene and describe the atmosphere. This will make your description more vivid. e.g. As I entered the room I saw brightly coloured balloons hanging on the walls and a huge, beautifully-decorated birthday cake on the table in front of me.
l These pieces of writing can be found in magazines, newspapers, as parts of letters, etc.
II. Organization of the composition
Introduction
Paragraph 1
Set the scene ( name, place, time, reason)
Main Body
Paragraph 2
Preparations
Paragraph 3
Description of the actual event / activities
Conclusion
Paragraph 4
Feelings, comment, final thoughts
III. Exercises
1. Read the following text and underline the passive forms. Then, list the preparations made before the event and the activities which take place on the actual day. Finally give the paragraph outline.
Valentine’s Day
Many countries celebrate Valentine’s Day on February 14th. This modern-day holiday is a celebration of love which gets its name from a Roman priest, Valentine, who secretly performed wedding ceremonies for Christian couple in the 3rd century.
Weeks before the fourteenth of February, shop windows are decorated with red paper hearts, red streamers and boxes of chocolates. Heart-shaped cakes and sweets are baked and gifts such as perfume and jewellery are promoted by department stores. Red roses are ordered from florists, dinner reservations are made and presents are bought in preparation for Valentine’s Day. Even cards and small gifts are made by young children at school.
On valentine’s Day, many people wear something red, since it is considered to be the colour of love. Gifts, wrapped in shiny paper and red ribbons, are exchanged, women receive bouquets of flowers and people express their feelings to their loved ones. In the evening, many couples choose to dine at romantic restaurants while others enjoy spending time together at home.
Valentine’s Day is a time to let people know how much you love and appreciate them. It is a day that makes everyone feel romantic and happy.
2. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with words from the list below, then say which traditions are mentioned in the text:
luck exchanged looks forward to
play atmosphere winds through
filled firecrackers keep out
held celebrated stripes
The Chinese New Year festivities are 1) __________ at end of January of beginning of February for a period of one month. During this time, Chinese people 2)___________ the end of the winter season.
Preparations begin in December when shops are 3)___________ with people buying gifts. Buying new shoes is extremely important because it is believed that if you walk in old shoes on new Year’s Day, you’ll have bad 4)___________.
On New Year’s Eve, families gather at home and cover their doors with 5)__________ of red paper. This is meant to 6) ___________ evil spirits. Gifts are 7) ____________ at midnight. Homes are filled with the sounds of happy children, who traditionally receive coins in red envelopes on New Year’s Eve.
For the next two weeks, all shops are closed as people enjoy visiting friends and relatives. The 8) ___________ is friendly as children sing songs for sweet rice cakes and musicians 9)__________ in the streets. The final and most impressive event is the Lantern Festival. Colourful lanterns are hung outside homes and a dragon parade takes place. The dragon is very long, made of paper and painted in bright colours. Men stand under the dragon’s head and body. The parade 10) ___________ the streets and crowds cheer and set off 11)_____________.
The Chinese new Year is an exciting holiday which everyone 12)____________. It is a celebration rich in tradition and full of happiness.
3. Read the following text and answer the questions:
a) Which model is a description of an annual event and which of a past event attended by the writer? b) Which tenses are used in model A and which in model B? c) Which model has a personal style and which has an impersonal style? d) How does each model finish?
Model A
Graduation Ceremony
Graduation day at Swansea University takes place in July. The Town Hall is used for the ceremony. The occasion is kept formal and traditional in order to properly honour the achievements of the students.
Days before the ceremony, students are given their caps and gowns. A stage is set up and chairs are arranged for those attending. The hall is decorated with beautiful bouquets of flowers, and speeches are prepared by the invited guests of honour.
On the day itself, students and their families attend a cheese and wine party held by the faculty before the actual ceremony. A few hours later, usually around 2:30 in the afternoon, the ceremony begins. Speeches are made, then the students queue up in the order in which they are going to be called. Their names are read out one by one, and students go up onto the stage to receive their degrees from the Dean, who shakes each graduate’s hand. All the graduates look sophisticated in their black caps and gowns as proud parents take photos of them.
Afterwards, everyone attends a less formal dinner party where professors have the chance to congratulate the graduates.
Graduation day is a special occasion in a student’s life. It is a time to feel pleased about reaching a very important goal.
Model B
“My Graduation Day”
On a sunny July afternoon in 1995 I graduated from Swansea University. It was a day I had been looking forward to for a long time, and the graduation ceremony gave me an absolute sense of fulfillment, as I had dreamt it would.
About a week before the ceremony, caps and gowns were handed out to all the students. The hall was prepared as worker set up a stage an chairs. Flowers were put all around the hall as well.
On graduation day, I arrived at the Town Hall to find the Dean and the lecturers already there along with hundreds of students. Soon the ceremony began and speeches were made. Then we stood up and were called one by one to receive our degrees. The Dean shook our hands and congratulated us as everyone applauded. An informal dinner party followed the ceremony.
A feeling of pride and satisfaction stayed with me throughout the day. I will always remember my graduation because it signified the end of a long period of hard work and the beginning of a new era in my life.
4. Match the beginnings with the endings. Which describe annual events and which past events?
Beginnings ….
A. My 15th birthday party last your was a really memorable occasion. My family and just bought a house by the sea and as it was summer, my parents let me have a barbecue on the beach.
B. America’s most important national holiday, Independence Day, takes place on the 4th of July. Americans celebrate the day in 1776 when the American colonies declared themselves free from British rule.
C. The sight of my friends and family standing in the living room on my arrival made tears come to my eyes. I had felt so lonely all those months away from home and their surprise welcome reminded me of how much I’d missed everyone.
D. Thanksgiving is celebrated every year in the United States on the fourth Thursday of November. On this day, many people sit down to a traditional turkey dinner and give thanks to God for the harvest.
…. Endings
1. People across the U.S. enjoy this patriotic day and take great pride remembering the history of their young country.
2. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, Not only because it was the first time I had ever cu my birthday cake on a beach, but also because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relative together in the same place.
3. Families all over the country look forward to this autumn holiday. It is a time for everyone to think and appreciate everything they have.
4. At the end of the evening when the last guests had left, I sat by the fireplace to have a cup of tea with my parents before I went to bed, What a relief it was to be home again surrounded by familiar objects and people who really cared.
5. Write one of the following compositions suing 100 –120 words:
l A travel magazine is running a competition for the best description of a festival in your country. Write a description for the competition.
l Describe a party / ceremony you have been to.
How to describe people
I. Words to use
a. skinny, straight, almond-shaped, square, wavy, well-built, oval,
middle-aged, scar, curly, muscular, round, crooked, limp, heavily-built
teenage, full, tanned, spots, blond, shoulder-length, formally dressed
freckled, pale, high cheekbones, wrinkled, of medium height
b.
Height/build/age
l In her twenties, tall,
Facial features
l Oval face, small nose, thin lips, green eyes
Hair
l Red, shoulder-length
Clothes
l Fashionable tops
Character
l Polite, gentle, quiet
Hobbies/interests
l Goes to the gym, collect stamps
c. describe a person in your partner
II. Organization of a composition
l Introduction
Set the scene ( name of the person/ time/place you met/ saw him/ her)
l Main body
a. physical appearance
b. personality characteristics
c. activities he/she takes part in: hobbies, interests
l Conclusion
Comments / feelings about the person
III. Points to remember
l When describing physical appearance you should give details in the following order: height/built/age, facial features, hair, clothes moving from the most general adjectives to the most specific ones, e.g. Ann is a tall, thin woman. She has got a long face, blue eyes and an upturned nose. She wears her long blond hair loose. She is often casually dressed in a T-shirt and jeans.
l When describing character and behaviour, support your description with examples. E.g. Tom is very reserved. He never talks about his feelings.
l Make your composition more interesting by using a wide range of adjectives (fabulous, superb, etc.) instead of a limited one (good, big, nice, etc.)
l Be careful with the use of tenses. You can use present tenses when you describe someone in the present, and past tenses when you describe someone related to the past, e.g. someone you had met before you moved to this city, someone who is no longer alive, etc.
l Avoid writing simple short sentences. More complex sentences joined with connectors make your composition more eye-catching. E.g. Instead of saying: John is thin. He has large blue eyes. He has long curly hair. He has full lips. He wears his hair loose. You can say: John is a tall thin man with large blue eyes and full lips. He wears his long curly hair loose.
l When you describe someone for official purposes e.g. a police report, you emphasize the physical features and try to give the most accurate description possible. When you write a letter to recommend someone for a job you write only about his/ her personality characteristics.
IV. Exercises
1. Read the following composition and put it in the right order.
A Julie is quite short and slim. She ‘s got a round face with beautiful almond-shaped eyes and a slightly upturned nose. She often wears her shoulder-length fair hair in a pony-tail. Julie prefers comfortable clothes and can often be seen wearing a blue jumper, a pair of denim jeans and trainers.
B Over the years, I have shared many good times with Julie. She has been one of m best and most trusted friends. I feel fortunate to have met her.
C I have known Julie since my first day at school, when we were only five. I can remember her smiling face as the teacher, Mrs Snow, asked me to share the same desk with her.
D One of Julie’s favourite hobbies is cycling. She also enjoys reading people’s horoscopes and trying to predict what will happen in the future. Julie likes going to the cinema and is especially fond of adventure films.
E
Although Julie is quite reserved, she is a kind person who will listen to your problems and try to help you. She is also quite active and enjoys outdoor activities.
2. The following models describe a relative of yours who is no longer alive. Read the compositions and compare and contrast them. Which is purely descriptive? Which involves narrative techniques? Underline the narrative parts.
MODEL A
My grandmother died two years ago, but I still have fond memories of the time we spent together when she was alive.
She used to live in Australia but she moved back to England to live in a little house, She was a sweet, plump lady and she was rather short. She had a round face, short grayish curly hair and friendly green eyes. Her rosy cheeks gave her wrinkled face a childlike appearance. She always used to wear perfectly-ironed dresses.
My grandmother was a very generous and understanding woman. She always had something for everyone and listen to us without intruding into our lives.
My grandmother’s main interest was writing and she managed to publish several books of poetry while she was alive. As well as that, she had many other hobbies and interests in there was always something to talk about.
My grandmother was a fantastic woman who gave me comfort, advice and support whenever I needed it. I shall never forget her.
MODEL B
I ‘ll never forget the first time I met my grandmother. She had been living in Australia, but decided to move back to England.
When she arrived I stood nervously pulling on my father’s coat, half hiding behind him. It had never occurred to me that this sweet, plump, elderly lady would be so excited to meet me. She was shorter than I had imagined and had a round face, short, grayish curly hair and friendly green eyes. Her rosy cheeks gave her wrinkled face a childlike appearance, and when she smiled at me I couldn’t resist giving her a big hug, ignoring her perfectly-ironed dress.
It wasn’t long before I realized how generous and understanding she was. She always had something for everyone and was there to listen to us without intruding into our lives.
She was determined to buy a little house of her own so she could find the peace and quiet that she needed to write her poetry. She had so many hobbies and interests that there was always something to talk about.
That meeting with my grandmother led to a close relationship which lasted until her death two years ago. She was a fantastic lady and I shall always be grateful for the comfort, advice and support she gave me whenever I needed it.
3. Write any of the following compositions using 100 ~ 150 words.
a. A youth magazine is running “The Best Mum of the Year” competition and has asked its readers to submit their compositions describing their mothers. Write your composition for the competition.
b. Write a composition describing the person who has influenced your life the most.
c. A TV channel has asked its young viewers to submit a description of their favorite film star.
How to write a story?
I. What is a good story?
Writing a good story either in first or third person means to describing a sequence of events in an interesting. Lively way. A good story should consist of:
a. an interesting beginning to catch the reader’s attention and make him / her want to go on reading your story.
b. Good development in the main body to develop your story you should use appropriate tenses, especially past ones, e.g. Past Simple to describe the main events, past continuous to set the scene, past perfect to talk about events which happened before the main events, etc. (eg. He went out to the car. It was raining hard and a cold wind was blowing. He had rung her ten minutes before, so he knew she would be waiting.)
c. A good ending. If possible an unexpected or unpredictable one, to surprise the reader and create a long-lasting impression on your piece of writing.
II. Points to Remember
a. never start writing your composition before deciding on the plot.
b. Use time words (before, until, then, next, lastly, etc.) to make the sequence of events clear.
c. Use various adjectives ( horrified, surprised, etc.) and adverbs ( absolutely, extremely, etc) to stress feelings and actions. This will make your story more interesting.
d. Use the senses to describe atmosphere, especially when you want to emphasize specific parts of your narration.
III. Organization of the composition
Introduction
Paragraph
Set the scene: ( who – where – when --- what)
Main Body
Paragraphs 2 –4
Development ( describe incidents leading up to the main event and the event itself in detail)
Conclusion
Final Paragraph (refer to moods, consequences, people’s reactions, feelings, comments)
IV. Exercises
1. Match the titles with each story:
1) The Handsome Man
2) A Knight in Shining Armour
3) Escaped Prisoners
A
When Larry’s car breaks down on the way to a fancy-dress party, he has to
walk three miles to the nearest petrol station in a suit of armour.
A robbery at the station gets Larry taken hostage. Thus begins one of the
wildest and funniest get-aways ever seen.
B
When two prisoners from the Windson-Grey prison escaped, they never thought
they would be caught by people from another planet! Can the two escape again, this
time back to earth? What do the people of Trixom want with them? The answer may lie
in their new friend, Lexer.
C
Before they knew Clark Fossi’s name, the women of Chesapeak Bay called him
“That Handsome Man”. Then a dead body is found floating in the bay. Can a man that
handsome be a murderer? Some of the women of Chesapeake Bay will do anything not
to find out the truth.
2. Read the story extracts and match them with the title and decide what the types of stories they are:
Science fiction 1. Who Shot Henry Jennings? ( )
romance 2. Naughty Nigel ( )
drama 3. The Battle of the Galaxies ( )
action/ adventure 4. Run for Your Life ( )
horror 5. Family Crisis ( )
comedy 6. Don’t Break my Heart ( )
murder/ mystery 7. The Creature from the Deep ( )
A. Jim had set up his fishing line and was about to settle down for a peaceful night of fishing on the seafront when suddenly his rod was pulled right out of his hands. He gasped in terror as suddenly, before his eyes, something began to rise from the waves.
B. Nigel was always in trouble --- but the trouble was he didn’t know why! It wasn’t his fault that his pet spider had somehow crawled up Miss Piggy’s leg. And he had nothing to do with Fanny’s falling in the pond. It wasn’t as if he’d pushed her in, his hand had just, well, sort of slipped ….
C. Rachel felt that her heart would suddenly stop beating. She couldn’t believe this was happening, not after everything they’d shared together. Darren had come into her life unexpectedly and had changed her world completely. And now, just as suddenly, it looked as though he’d have to leave.
D. The meeting of planet leaders had ended in agreement., They had to prepare to defend themselves with all their available forces, otherwise the Valarians would take over the entire galaxy.
E. Kincaid was running through the forest, the men chasing him on horseback getting closer and closer. He jumped into a river, but he didn’t feel safe until he was further down stream.
F. Roger was away on business when the call came through to his hotel room. He picked up the phone and heard his mother’s trembling voice on the other end, “Roger, I know it’s been a long time, but please come home. The family needs you!”
G. Detective Jaffrey stared in disbelief at the body of the highly respected businessman Henry Jennings lying on the while marble kitchen floor in a pool of blood. Suddenly he caught sight of a small gold earring lying near the corpse. Perhaps this was the clue that would lead him to the murderer.
3. Match the following beginnings with the endings:
Beginnings:
A. She woke up feeling the floor shaking violently beneath her. At first she thought it was part of the dream she had been having, but then she realized what was happening.
B. What can I tell you about Roger? He was the kind of man you’ve probably all met at some stage in your lives-self-confident, charming, polite … and completely ruthless. So I wasn’t surprised when I saw his picture in the newspaper.
C. The grey sky covered the city like a heavy blanket, making the buildings dull and shadowy. The rain had been whipping the faces of the hurrying citizens with icy, sharp drops and now the roads were dark and shining, the air damp and cold. I looked carefully before crossing the street.
D. “Where is all this light coming from?” peter asked Tim as he stared at the green beams crossing the starry summer sky.
E. He could hear the wind howling through the window as he made his way down the creaking wooden stairs, lighting his way with two candles. This huge empty house always frightened him. Still , he had to be here tonight as he had been every year on the same day.
…… Endings:
1) It couldn’t have been their imagination. The deep hole in the field was still hot and glowing.
2) “Thank God! I’m safe now,” I thought as I entered my flat. But as soon as I turned on the light, I noticed a glass on the table. He was there waiting for me.
3) With some hope she started shouting. It wasn’t long before she could see daylight again. She was injured but alive.
4) … As the clock struck twelve he started shivering. He knew they would come to visit him again.
5) As the policemen took Roger out of the courtroom I could hear people murmuring. I felt relief. After all, he had got what he deserved: 30 years in prison.
4. Read and put the paragraphs into the correct order:
A The captain was showing Danny the different controls and dials when suddenly the cockpit door burst open. A tall man with a scar on his left cheek, who was carrying a gun, grabbed Danny and shouted at the captain. “This is a hijacking. I’m in control now.” without thinking of the danger Danny bit the man’s hand as hard as he could. The hijacker screamed in pain. Quickly the co-pilot grabbed the gun while the captain knocked the hijacker unconscious.
B Danny looked excitedly out of the window as the airplane was taking off into the bright sky. Then he smiled happily at his dad who was holding his soft hand tightly.
C “This is going to be the best Christmas ever,” thought Danny. “I can’t wait to tell Grandpa about what I did.” When the plane landed Danny was given a hero’s welcome. As a reward the airline gave Danny and his family free flights for the rest of their lives.
D They had been flying for an hour when Danny’s father disappeared for a few minutes. He came back followed by a friendly looking stewardess in a blue and red uniform. “Would you like to see the cockpit, Danny?” she asked. Danny could not believe it. “This is a dream come true,” he thought as he followed the stewardess to the front of the plane.
5. The adverbs below describe the way a person might speak or act. Choose suitable words from the list to complete the sentences:
threateningly hurriedly confidently angrily suddenly
a) “Get out of here!” Bill shouted ________ , his face turning red.
b) _______, without any warning, her guide turned round and held a knife to her throat.
c) She gathered her papers together _________ and rushed off to the meeting, which had already begun.
d) “Don’t worry, I’ll kill the dragon,” the knight said __________ to the king.
e) “If you tell anyone, you’ll be sorry,” said the kidnapper _________.
6. Read the story and add in the correct time words:
After, While, As soon as, Immediately, As, While, after, When, then,
“What is going on?” I wondered as I came round the corner and saw a huge crowd
gathered in the middle of the usually quiet street. Two fire engines were parked outside
my block of flats.
1) ____________ I noticed that their ladders were raised as far as the third floor, just below my flat. 2) ____________ I was rushing towards the building I became aware of the group of bystanders and some fire-fighters standing around the entrance. 3) ___________ I came close to them, they recognized me. Being on the 8 o’clock new every night surely makes you familiar to a lot of people. 4) ___________ they had greeted me I asked what was happening. They told me that the flat below mine had caught fire, but they had managed to put it out. 5) _____________ I was going into the building a man carrying a large television set stopped me.
“Hi, Paul,” he said. “Could you give a hand loading this into my van over there?”
6)___________ I was helping him I wondered who he was, but then I realized that he must have recognized me from TV. “Thanks, Paul,” he said 7) ___________ we had put the TV in the van. “I’d really love to get your autograph (亲笔签名) but I am in a hurry. See you,” the man said and drove off. Smiling, I entered the building and headed for my flat. 8) ____________ I reached it I saw that the door was open. Nervously I entered the flat. It was 9) __________ that I noticed that my television was missing. I had just helped a burglar to steal my own television!
7. Successful use of various adjectives shows a good knowledge of the language, especially when we write stories. Go through the following adjectives and match then with the nouns in the list. Some of the adjectives can be used more than once:
Adjectives: soft, bright, cold, expensive, fluffy, blazing, strong, high, snowy, light, starry, clear, grey, moonless, rocky
Nouns: clouds, wind, night, lights, eyes, perfume, sunshine, mountains,
e.g. soft clouds, soft wind
8. To make a story more interesting we can involve our senses. Read the short extracts and look at the phrases in bold. Which of the senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste) do each of these phrases refer to? Finally, identify the type of story. Which would you like to read and why?
A. When he reached the top of the hill, Keith realized what was lighting up the sky on the cool moonless night. There, in front of his care was a huge spaceship. It was completely still, and thousands of colourful lights were flashing along its surface. The smell of burning rubber filled Keith’s car as he hit the brakes.
B. A bullet whistled past policeman Mark Raymond’s ear. He fell to the hard ground, pistol in hand. “Let the child go free, and no one will get hurt,” he shouted. He heard the house’s front door slowly creak open and saw the little girl come out, her tears shining in the morning sun.
C. Clair asked Molly to sit down. Her silk skirt rustled as she sat comfortably in the armchair. Clair could smell her expensive perfume. “Could this woman have the heart of a killer?” she asked herself. But the cruel look in Molly’s eyes soon answered her question.
D. Susan rushed to the hospital as fast as she could. Her husband had finally woken up. The accident had happened three months before, leaving David in a coma. Three months without hearing his voice or seeing his smile. Three months of worrying, visiting the same white hospital, smelling the same antiseptic smell, drinking the same bitter coffee. Now they could leave all that behind them.
A. lighting up the sky ---
cool, moonless night --- sight/ touch
huge spaceship ---
colourful lights were flashing --- sight
smell of burning rubber ---
B. whistled ---
hard ground ---
shouted --- hearing
creak ---
tears shining ---
C. rustled ---
expensive perfume --- smell
the cruel look in Molly’s eyes --- sight
D. hearing his voice ---
seeing his smile ---
white hospital ---
antiseptic smell --- smell
bitter coffee ---
9. An interesting beginning grabs the reader’s attention. You can start a story: a) by describing weather, surroundings, people etc. involving your senses; b) by using Direct Speech; c) with a question; d) with a dramatic sentence creating mystery or suspense; e) by referring to your feelings or mood etc. Read the following beginnings and decide which of these techniques are used.
A. “What I’m about to tell you could change your life forever,” the mysterious stranger told me, looking straight into my puzzled eyes. “Listen carefully and don’t ask any questions until I've finished what I have to say.”
B. As I stepped off the plane, my stomach felt as though a hundred tiny butterflies were flying around inside it. My legs began to tremble as I walked down the steps leading to the runway and for a moment I thought I’d faint with dizziness. Would he remember me after all these years?
C. Grey clouds blocked out every trace of sunlight and the continuous drizzle made everything damp and cold. As we were walking along in silence, the only sounds wre those of our feet in the mud and the howling of the wind over the mountains.
D. “Come here. Yes, you. Come here!” the sergeant’s voice sounded hard as he fixed his cold eyes on me. I had known this day would come. I hadn’t expected it to come so quickly, though.
A. use of Direct Speech, reference to feelings (_____________________)
B. dramatic sentence creating suspense, ________________________________, question
C. use of senses to ________________________
D. ______________, use of senses ( hard voice, cold eyes), dramatic sentence creating suspense
10. A good ending to a story is as important as a good beginning. You can finish a story by: a) using Direct Speech; b) referring to people’s feelings/ moods; c) describing people’s reactions to the event developed in the main body; d) creating mystery or suspense (unexpected ending). Read the following endings and say which of the above techniques are used for the following endings. The decide what type of story each suggests. Write possible beginnings for each ending.
A. …he stepped out of the car, guns pointing at him from all directions. He realized it was all over.
B. … Sophie looked at the spaceship disappearing in the sky and wondered if he really had spent a night with aliens or if it was just his imagination. But then he felt the weight of the blue crystal in his hand.
C. “Hey you! Don’t move!” a voice said. But it was too late.
D. … As the clock struck twelve he started shivering. He knew they would come to visit him again.
E. … the killer had been put behind bars. Detective Burns knew the people of Sheffield would sleep better tonight.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Suggested beginnings:
A. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________________________________________
11. Here are some reasons why stories can be entertaining, boring etc. Match these reasons with the adjectives which can be used to describe stories as in the example:
scary characters, tragic end, too much violence,
funny incidents, predictable characters, clever plot,
story too long, thrilling plot, original ideas,
unhappy situations, lots of action, repetition, realistic
Entertaining funny incidents,
Boring
Shocking
Frightening
Sad
Exciting
Interesting
12. Read the story and write an ending of your own:
I was alone in the house, reading a scary ghost story as snow fell silently outside. The only sound was the ticking of my old grandfather clock. The dying fire cast an orange glow onto the walls of my study.
I was absorbed in the story when suddenly I began to feel that someone was watching me. The clock stopped ticking. I looked around but I could see no one. Was my mind playing tricks on me?
Trying to ignore my fears, I returned to my book. After a few seconds, though, the book was knocked to the floor by an unseen hand. “Who’s there?” I cried. I saw something standing in front of me that made my blood run cold. A shadowy white ghost pointed a pale finger at me. Its mouth moved. “ Come on! Come with me. It is time,” it said.
“What do you want?” I managed to ask, shaking with fear. The ghost took me by the hand and led me to the window. Just as we reached it, the clock struck twelve.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
13. Read and continue the story. Use sequence words. Eg. As soon as, after, before, when, then, hardly…when, etc.
One Saturday afternoon Jim Randall and his younger sister Pamela were staying at home watching TV. Their parents had gone out for the day. They were watching an exciting film when suddenly a news presenter came on with an urgent announcement. A dangerous criminal had escaped and was somewhere in the town.
At this moment, a neighbour’s dog started barking. ……
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
摘 要：写作是一种思维活动，是学生表达思想的方式。写作能力训练是发展学生思维能力和表达能力的有效途径，也是衡量教学效果的标准之一。从历年的高考结果来看，学生的写作技能一直处于停滞不前的状态，甚至有下降的趋势：全省的写作平均分为17.8分；为13.11分；而只有11分左右。因此，在高中英语教学中，有步骤地培养和提高学生的写作能力是非常必要的。本文从英语写作的重要性和教学策略展开，着重针对高一的新教材的分析，对高一阶段的写作教学进行设计。
关键词：英语课程标准 英语写作 教学设计
一．英语写作的重要性
众所周知，写作是高中英语教学的基本要求，也是高考英语试题的重要组成部分。新的高中英语课程标准在语言技能方面提出的具体内容中就包括了对写的要求，其中英语八级的标准是：“能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。”可见写作是英语教学中是必不可少的一个环节。进行英语写作的重要意义可归纳为以下几点：
1． 英语写作是更广泛意义上的一种交际方式。写作是人们将思想转化成语言 文字的过程，是一种用语言表达思想，传递信息的技能。它是除了说之外的另一种交际方式，可以不受时间和空间的限制。运用正确和流畅的英语在国际范围内进行科学和文化的交流是21世纪的人才必备的素质之一。
2． 英语写作可以促进听、说、读这三方面语言技能的提高。英语的听、说、读、写四者密切相关，相互渗透，互为基础。听和读是领会和理解别人表达的思想，是从外部言语到内部言语的内化过程，说和写是用语言表达自己的思想，是从内部言语到外部言语的外化过程。写的能力要在听、说、读的基础上进行培养和提高，而写的训练又能进行一步提高听、说、读的能力。
3． 英语写作可以提高学生英语综合运用能力。在写作训练中，学生既要注意句子结构及单词、词组的用法，又要注意语法、标点符号的运用，这样可以提高语言的准确性。同时在不同体裁的写作练习中，学生必须熟悉不同文章的整体结构，谋篇布局和写作技巧，还要有一定的逻辑思维和组织材料的能力，这样可以锻炼他们用非本族语思维的能力。
由此可见，英语写作非常重要。它是一种综合能力的训练，是对学生所学语言知识的综合运用，应该贯穿于整个英语教学的全过程。
二．英语写作教学策略：
总的来说，写作的优劣取决于内容，结构和风格技巧的运用。一篇好的文章应该结构完整、语言流畅、和谐连贯、内容充实。根据英语课程标准对写作技能教学的建议，在英语写作教学中，教师应从结构、句式、选词、拼写和标点符号等方面对学生进行指导。促进写作教学，提高学生写作水平的方式方法有很多，目前常用的方法有：
1． 控制写作（controlled writing）。学生在教师指导下进行写作练习。让学生多接触不同体裁和主题的范文，学习他们如何谋篇布局，运用词语和句子，组织语句。在此基础上，学生可进行一些句子重组或故事重组的操练。
2． 引导写作（guided writing）。教师和学生一起拟定写作提纲，然后让学生自己写作。如看图作文，根据给出的要点写作都属于这一范畴。
3． 自由写作（free writing）。学生可以写自己喜欢的主题，也可由教师定一个统一的题目（如My hobby等），让学生写作。记日记也是自由写作的有效方法。
4． 利用课文进行写作训练。包括改写对话，课文的缩写、扩写与续写，仿写等等。
根据以上方法，我进行了新的尝试。将这四种方法综合在一起，一种方式为主，其它方法为辅，以课文内容为素材，将学生必须掌握的词汇和语言要点组织成文字，在此基础上引导学生根据所给信息，运用适当的关联词进行写作，从而达到提高学生写作水平的目的。
三．新教材写作教学案例
高一新版的教科书是根据《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》的要求和《高级中学英语课程标准》的精神，在原有的教材基础上改编而成的。上册共分为12个单元，所涉及的话题覆盖了新课程标准的要求，充分考虑到学生的兴趣与需要，所选语言素材具有时代性和较强的跨学科性质。如有年轻人喜欢的音乐；中外影视名人及作品；体育赛事及明星的介绍；有传统旅游和生态旅游的异同；有国外风俗与习惯的介绍；还有如何交友，如何保健等与现代生活相关的内容。总之，新教材的教学内容贴近现代生活，富有时代气息，有利于促进学生的全面发展。
现以高一新教材第一单元、第二单元和第十单元为例，根据对写作教学策略和单元内容要点的分析，而后设计写作教学内容。
Unit 1: Good friends 中心话题是“朋友”，具体涉及“什么是好朋友？” 、“如何交朋友”、“朋友之间出现了问题如何解决”等。语言学习的要求是学习直接引语与间接引语的转换，综合技能要完成的任务是学习写E-mail与他人交朋友。要求学生掌握的词汇有：smart; be into; surf the Internet; make friends; make difference; argue; crash; survive; deserted; develop friendship; treat as; share; apologise; drop sb. a line等。
主要采用控制写作，要求学生按照要点，运用所学词汇，使用间接引语写一封E-mail。假设Ms Mary是21世纪报“Heart to Heart”栏目的主编，你遇到了困难，发电子邮件向她寻求帮助。邮件的内容包括：你是一位高一的新生。你的同桌是一个活泼聪明的男孩，名叫Jack。因为你们都喜欢上网和踢足球，所以很快成了好朋友。一天下午，你们决定一起去踢球，但你却迟到了半个小时。Jack很生气，你却说这没什么大不了的。于是你们就此发生了争执。在那之后，你们已经好几天没说话了。你感到很焦急。今天早上上课的时候，老师给你们讲了一个关于Chuck的故事。Chuck在一次飞机失事中幸免遇难，后来来到了一个荒岛上。他没有任何朋友，只有一个排球。于是他把排球当成朋友，并与他建立了友谊。从这个故事中你明白了朋友在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。朋友之间应该互相帮助，同甘共苦。你意识到自己错了，想向Jack道歉，但不知如何开口。希望Ms Mary能尽快给你回信并给你一些建议。
学生佳作：（高一11班 许铭）
Dear Mary,
I’m a loyal reader of your newspaper. Now I have a so difficult problem that I want to tell you and I hope you can help me.
I’m a new student of a high school. The one next to me is a lovely and smart boy who is named Jack. We are both fond of surfing the internet and playing football and we became good friends soon.
One afternoon, we decided to play football, but I was half an hour late. Jack became very angry. However, I said it made no difference. So we had an argument about it. From then, we haven’t talked to each other for a few days. I’m worried about it.
This morning, our teacher told us a story about Chuck. Chuck survived an air crash and landed on a deserted island. He had no friends there but a volleyball. Then Chuck treated it as his friend and developed a friendship with it. From the story, I learn that friends play an important role in our life and that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow.
Now I know I have made a mistake and I want to make an apology to Jack. But I don’t know how to say it. Can you give me some advice? Please drop me a line as soon as possible.
点评：文章内容要点完整，行文连贯流畅，能使用文中所学词汇，用词优美。
Unit 2: English around the world 中心话题是“世界英语”，介绍了英语在世界范围内的重要作用，其中重点介绍了英国英语与美国英语的差异。语言学习是有关“请求”和“命令”用语的间接引语和直接引语的转换。综合技能要求学生了解英国英语和美国英语产生差异的历史文化背景，并且了解说明文体裁的段落结构。要求学生掌握的词汇有：majority; in total; a number of; the number of; widely; a knowledge of; with结构; have difficulty in等。
主要采用引导写作，以“Why is it important to learn English?”为题进行写作，不仅要求学生运用所学词汇，还要让学生学习表达观点的写作的格式及关联词的使用。写作提纲如下：
With the development of society, it’s becoming more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
First of all, English is spoken by a lot of people. ……
Second, English can be found almost everywhere in our daily life. ……
Third, as a student, we need to learn English. ……
Then, ……
Last, ……
学生佳作：（高一10班 何英华）
With the development of society, it’s becoming more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
First of all, English is spoken by a lot of people. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. In total, more than 375 million people speak English as their mother tongue. Also there are other countries which use English as a second language or a foreign language. So English is widely used now.
Second, English can be found almost everywhere in our daily life. When you walk on the street, you will always see a number of signs written in English, and more and more fashion shops like to use English names.
Third, as a student, we need to learn English. As China has become a member of the WTO, English is becoming an important language in China. With so many foreigners coming to China, it is necessary for us to learn English to communicate with them. We are the hope of China in the future. If we can’t speak English, we’ll have difficulty in talking with foreign people. So we must learn English when we are young.
Last, I think learning some other languages can make our life interesting and happy. For example, we can listen to English songs, watch English movies and enjoy ourselves. So let’s learn English together and make our home more and more beautiful.
点评：文章思路清晰，有条理，论据充分，说理性强，适当使用了所学词汇。
Unit 9: Technology 中心话题是“科技”，主要涉及“手机”、“发明”、“技术与人文”等。语言学习训练正确理解和使用现在进行时的被动语态。综合技能要求学生发挥想象力，思考与科技有关的社会问题，并复习阐述不同观点的写作方法。要求学生掌握的词汇有：on the go；make it possible for sb. to do; remind sb. about sth.; stay in touch; no matter where; in case of; take over; break down; come up with等。
主要利用课文进行写作训练。高一上册的课本中多次出现了要求学生表达自身观点的操练：如书本98页话题为“Is it good or not to open up a local mountain to tourists?”。书本121页话题为“People should build new houses or protect the old temple.”。书本134页话题为“the advantages and disadvantages of computers.”。在前几次讨论中，学生应基本掌握了表达观点的议论文的写作方法，现在可以先讨论要点，再由学生根据所掌握的方法进行模仿写作。内容要点如下：
同学们就中学生是否应该买电脑这一问题展开了讨论。
50%的同学认为： 50%的同学认为：
1. 应该买。 5. 不应该买。
2. 使用电脑是一些过着忙碌的生活的人们必须掌握的基本技能之一。 6. 许多网站上有不健康的信息,会对学生造成不好的影响。
3. 电脑使人们之间的交流更加便捷，不管身处何地。电脑也使人们快速获得各方面的信息成为可能。 7. 有些学生整天忙于上网聊天,玩游戏，对学习有害。
4. 作为学生，我们可以利用电脑获得有用的信息，上网查找学习资料。业余时间,我们也可以听音乐,看电影,自我娱乐。
学生佳作：（高一11班 王怡雯）
We have had a discussion about whether it is good for students to buy a computer. Opinions are divided on the question. 50% of the students think that we should buy computers. First of all, using computes is one of the basic skills for people who live life on the go. Next, we can communicate with each other much more convenient, no matter where we are. What’s more, it makes it possible for us to get some useful information. As students, we can find something about our studies on the internet. In our free time, we can listen to music and watch movies.
On the other hand, 50% of the students are against the idea. Many websites have bad information, so it will have a bad effect on students. What’s worse, many students will be busy playing games and talking on the internet. So it will disturb our studies.
点评：符合议论文写作要求和格式，能使用恰当的关联词和所学词汇。
四．写作训练的成绩和结果
现在，我校在高一年级开展小班教学，按英语入学成绩将每个班级分成红班和绿班，成绩基本持平。开学以来，在我所任教的3个班级中，平均每周对绿班学生进行一次上述要求的写作训练。在历时17周的时间里，学生总共练习写作19篇。对于写作的效果，在学生中进行了调查，结果如下表：
写作训练对你熟悉课文内容有帮助吗？ A. 有明显的帮助
86.7% B. 不明显
13.3% C. 毫无帮助
0%
写作训练对你掌握课文中的词汇有帮助吗？ A. 有明显的帮助
92.2% B. 不明显
7.8% C. 毫无帮助
0%
写作训练对你学习不同体裁的文章有帮助吗？ A. 有明显的帮助
82.4% B. 不明显
14.3% C. 毫无帮助
3.3%
写作训练对你考试中书面表达的提高有帮助吗？ A. 有明显的帮助
89.1% B. 不明显
10.9% C. 毫无帮助
0%
另外，本学期共进行了四次英语测试，现对每次测试进行试卷分析，以下是相关的测试结果分析。
1） 学生英语表达更加丰富。从学生自身角度考虑，学生在写作中简单句的使用由73%下降到26%，下降了47个百分点；而对复合句的使用，尤其是定语从句和宾语从句的运用由原来的28%上升到69%，提高了41个百分点；新学词汇在写作中的运用由19%上升到46%，提高了27个百分点。
2） 写作中的错误频率明显减少。写作时以课本为基础，学生有了参照物，自然可以减少错误。句型结构的错误由原来的68%下降到30%，用词的错误由47%下降到16%，时态的错误由63%下降到35%。
3） 学生英语基础知识（单选题）的正确率有所提高。就写作中使用过的重要语言知识的答题正确率而言，对比班为45%，实验班为78%，高出了33个百分点。
综上所述，写是英语的基本技能之一，写作是高中英语教学的基本要求，因此教师必须重视对学生写作能力的培养。写作的提高在于坚持。只要坚持引导学生进行写作，方法得当，就一定能有收益。
参考资料
1．《全日制普通高级中学教科书英语第一册（上）》人民教育出版社
2．《普通高中英语课程标准》人民教育出版社
3． 王笃勤《英语教学策略论》外语教学与研究出版社
4． 罗先达《英语教学实施指南》华中师范大学出版社
如何构建高中英语写作教学新天地
文/高 娜
摘 要：写作是高中英语教学的重要组成部分，对于提高学生的英语知识和能力水平意义重大。从高中语文英语写作教学实际出发，提出几点教学策略，以期对构建高中英语写作教学新天地有所帮助。
关键词：高中英语；写作教学；构建
写作是高中英语教学的重要组成部分，对于提高学生的英语
一、积累词汇和句型，为英语写作奠定基础
作为构成语言的最基本要素，词汇和句型的重要性是毋庸置疑的，因为没有词汇的语言是无法传达任何信息的，只有在丰富的词汇和句型基础上我们才能谈及其他知识和技能的掌握，因此，我们要注重句型和词汇的积累，留意文章中涉及的高频词汇，为英语写作打下坚实的基础，引导学生将自己的观点和想法表达出来，提高学生英语写作技能。例如，在训练“自我介绍”这类作文的时候，教师首先可以给学生搜集一些这类作文常用的词汇句型，夯实基本功，在熟练掌握这些相关词汇的基础上再进行后期的写作训练，比如，read books，talk with friends， surf on the Internet， write a diary，like， love， enjoy， prefer， favorites， music， play basketball， football等，只有打好基本功，才能在以后写复合句和并列句的时候得心应手。可以通过练习合并语句向学生讲解and，but，so这些连接词的用法和使用技巧，学练结合，让学生在以后的写作训练中运用自如。而在练习宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句这些复合语句的时候，教师可以大胆创新，改进学习方法，例如，可以采用学练结合的方式，一边学习一边做汉译英的习题，让学生在学习的过程中强化运用技巧的掌握，为以后写作应用奠定坚实的基础。另
外，除了平时的课堂学习，还要注意课下积累，教师要给学生搜集一些好的语句丰富学生的知识含量，比如，Each coin has two sides，It’s no use doing， There is no doubt， It is …that等等，让学生积累更多的词汇句型，在写作中有更多的.选择余地，避免在以后的写作中出现“巧妇难为无米之炊”的尴尬局面。
二、提倡合作探究学习，培养学生交际能力和表达能力
写作是一种语言表达的形式，是考查学生感知能力和表达能力的有效途径，因此，在英语写作教学中，我们要提倡合作探究学习，注重学生交际能力和表达能力的培养，以教学内容和学习目标为主线，组织学生进行合作探究学习，通过群体合作、小组学习和同桌讨论交流表达，活跃思维，丰富语言感知，帮助学生深入理解文章的思想感情，掌握文章的表达技巧和表现手法，既能培养学生交际能力和表达能力，掌握运用语言的技巧，同时又能提高学生自主发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力，充分体现了语言学科
的交际本质。例如，在学习模块四第二单元Sporting events中的
“Reading: The honorable games”这一部分内容时，教师可以给学生布置探究任务，让学生在任务的引导下进行合作探究学习，自主归纳文章的内容和主题思想，画出文章的重点语句和质疑之处，首先小组讨论，小组无法解决的问题再拿到班上全班共同探究，最后以“My favorites sports games”为主题，鼓励学生自由表达。这样一来，课堂教学井然有序，通过互助合作、探究讨论，大大提高了学生的表达能力和对语言应用技巧的掌握。
三、创设语言情境，锻炼学生书面表达的能力
语言的表达需要情境的激发，只有在一定的语言情境中，才能拥有更深刻的感悟，并将这种感悟内化为生成技能，提高学生书面表达能力。因此，在课堂教学中，教师为学生创设语言情境，模拟再现学习内容和生活场景，比如，采用角色扮演再现文本内容，让学生仿佛置身其中，激发学生表达的欲望，增强学生自主学习的动力，促进学生智力水平的发展和想象思维的发挥，提高学生书面表达能力。例如，在学习第八模块第一单元The written world中的
“Reading: Appreciating literature”这一部分内容时，首先教师可以利用多媒体技术为学生展示对世界文学具有杰出贡献的人物以及这些人物的代表作品，营造浓厚的文化氛围，为随后的学习提供背景支持和奠定坚实的基础。随后，教师可以鼓励学生以“My Favoritewriter”为主题谈谈自己对古典文学的理解和感受，这样一来，既能提高学生文化素养，又起到了锻炼学生表达能力的作用，教学效果事半功倍。
四、评价方式多样化，保护学生写作的积极性
评价环节是写作教学的重要环节之一，对学生写作兴趣的培养和保护具有十分重要的意义。但在以往的课堂教学中，作文批改方式单一，教师批改给出分数，然后学生按照教师的要求进行修改，缺乏创新性和新颖性，不利于学生了解错误的原因，效果差强人意。为了调动学生的主动性和积极性，促进学生口头表达与书面表达的能力、合作能力、鉴赏能力、思维能力等综合素养的提高，教师要注重评价方式的多样化，创新评价方式，将互评自评与教师评价相结合，让学生根据评分标准相互修改，编写意见评语，随后，在互评的环节要进行自我评价，通过对别人的文章进行观察和点评，学生能很快发现自己的不足，并能取他人之长补自己之短，明白如何创新，自我反思、自我评价、自我修改，明确英语与母语之间的差异，掌握英语语言结构的规律，将自己的文章修改的更加完美。除此之外，为了进一步激发学生写作的兴趣，我们可以在课堂上开展即兴写作活动，现场创作，现场点评，效果远比背诵范文要好得多，既对差生起到了借鉴作用，又增强了优生的成就感和自信心，久而久之，写作课一定会被大家所喜爱。
当然，以上仅是本文对高中英语写作教学的几点思考和认识，为了更好地提高学生英语写作水平，有待于在今后的教学中做进一步的探索研究。
参考文献：
［1］刘德林，黄晨辉。高中英语写作教学对策探究［J］。赤峰学院学报：汉文哲学社会科学版，2010（03）。
［2］姜秋莲。高中英语写作教学的思考［J］。大连教育学院学报，2010（01）。
［3］孟凡青。更新写作教学观念，优化写作教学策略：新课程标准下高中英语写作教学［J］。郧阳师范高等专科学校学报，2010（02）。
［4］徐艳夏。高中英语写作教学浅谈［J］。中国校外教育，2010（07）。
［5］张成莉，陈艳丽。基于新课标的高中英语写作教学现状调查及策略探讨［J］。宜春学院学报，2010（01）。
（作者单位 江苏省徐州市睢宁县双沟镇双沟中学）
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★
★