美国这么多银行，为什么巴菲特投资 富国银行？
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"With Wells Fargo, we think we have obtained the best managers in the business, Carl Reichardt and Paul Hazen. In many ways the combination of Carl and Paul reminds me of another - Tom Murphy and Dan Burke at Capital Cities/ABC. First, each pair is stronger than the sum of its parts because each partner understands, trusts and admires the other. Second, both managerial teams pay able people well, but abhor having a bigger head count than is needed. Third, both attack costs as vigorously when profits are at record levels as when they are under pressure. Finally, both stick with what they understand and let their abilities, not their egos, determine what they attempt. (Thomas J. Watson Sr. of IBM followed the same rule: "I'm no genius," he said. "I'm smart in spots - but I stay around those spots.")
Our purchases of Wells Fargo in 1990 were helped by a chaotic market in bank stocks. The disarray was appropriate: Month by month the foolish loan decisions of once well-regarded banks were put on public display. As one huge loss after another was unveiled - often on the heels of managerial assurances that all was well - investors understandably concluded that no bank's numbers were to be trusted. Aided by their flight from bank stocks, we purchased our 10% interest in Wells Fargo for $290 million, less than five times after-tax earnings, and less than three times pre-tax earnings.
Wells Fargo is big - it has $56 billion in assets - and has been earning more than 20% on equity and 1.25% on assets. Our purchase of one-tenth of the bank may be thought of as roughly equivalent to our buying 100% of a $5 billion bank with identical financial characteristics. But were we to make such a purchase, we would have to pay about twice the $290 million we paid for Wells Fargo. Moreover, that $5 billion bank, commanding a premium price, would present us with another problem: We would not be able to find a Carl Reichardt to run it. In recent years, Wells Fargo executives have been more avidly recruited than any others in the banking business; no one, however, has been able to hire the dean.
Of course, ownership of a bank - or about any other business - is far from riskless. California banks face the specific risk of a major earthquake, which might wreak enough havoc on borrowers to in turn destroy the banks lending to them. A second risk is systemic - the possibility of a business contraction or financial panic so severe that it would endanger almost every highly-leveraged institution, no matter how intelligently run. Finally, the market's major fear of the moment is that West Coast real estate values will tumble because of overbuilding and deliver huge losses to banks that have financed the expansion. Because it is a leading real estate lender, Wells Fargo is thought to be particularly vulnerable."
-------BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. Chairman(Warren Buffet)'s Letter
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《巴菲特致股东的信》百度网盘下载
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lDil8Xuwv5xdLwPSD2QpDQ
众所周知，巴菲特每年都会亲自执笔给伯克希尔的股东写一封信，迄今已写了52年。每一封致股东信都洋洋洒洒数万言，信中回顾公司业绩、投资策略，还会就许多热点话题表达观点。
1996年，巴菲特授权劳伦斯·坎宁安教授编撰他的信件，并出版了超级畅销书《巴菲特致股东的信》，书中全部文字原汁原味地保留巴菲特第一人称的叙述，将其投资思想与管理智慧分为公司治理、财务与投资、投资替代品、普通股、兼并与收购、估值与会计、税务等主题。从此坎宁安教授成为巴菲特的御用编辑，并得到巴菲特的授权进入伯克希尔进行深度调研采访，并创作姊妹篇《超越巴菲特的伯克希尔》一书，专门论述伯克希尔的经营管理之道。
